We report a 57-year old man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension who presented with acute HIV infection. Routine blood tests showed an elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Renal biopsy showed acute ...
Authors: Jintanat Ananworanich, Anandita A Datta, James LK Fletcher, Natavudh Townamchai, Nitiya Chomchey, Eugene Kroon, Irini Sereti, Victor Valcour and Jerome H Kim
Ongoing HIV-1 replication in lymphoid cells is one explanation of the persistence of HIV-1 reservoirs despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (cART). We tested the potential of cART intensification by Mar...
Authors: Alain Lafeuillade, Assi Assi, Cécile Poggi, Caroline Bresson-Cuquemelle, Eric Jullian and Catherine Tamalet
Increasing numbers of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa are exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART), but there are few data on lipid changes on first-line ART, and even fewer on second-line.
Authors: Zvenyika AR Gomo, James G Hakim, Sarah A Walker, Willard Tinago, Gibson Mandozana, Cissy Kityo, Paula Munderi, Elly Katabira, Andrew Reid, Diana M Gibb and Charles F Gilks
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) contribute largely to the burden of health in South Africa and are recognized as major contributors to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Young women are pa...
The CD5 protein antagonizes phosphorylation events downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement to decrease T cell responsiveness. CD5-negative T cell clones respond preferentially over their CD5+ counterparts ...
Authors: Stephen J Penney, Maureen E Gallant and Michael D Grant
While Brazil has had a long-standing policy of free access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all in need, the epidemiological impact of ART on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA suppression in this middl...
Authors: Sandra W Cardoso, Paula M Luz, Luciane Velasque, Thiago Torres, Lara Coelho, Kenneth A Freedberg, Valdilea G Veloso, Rochelle P Walensky and Beatriz Grinsztejn
The 2014 International Symposium on HIV and Emerging Infectious Diseases (ISHEID) provided a forum for investigators to hear the latest research developments in the clinical management of HIV and HCV infection...
Authors: Alain Lafeuillade, Mark Wainberg, Marie-Lise Gougeon, Sabine Kinloch-de Loes, Philippe Halfon and Hervé Tissot-Dupont
The level (or frequency) of circulating monocyte subpopulations such as classical (CD14hiCD16-) and non-classical (CD14dimCD16+) monocytes varies during the course of HIV disease progression and antiretroviral th...
Authors: Lillian Seu, Gabriel M Ortiz, Trevor D Burt, Steven G Deeks, Jeffrey N Martin and Joseph M McCune
Lipohypertrophy does not appear to be an adverse ART reaction while lipoatrophy is clearly associated with the use of stavudine (d4T) and zidovudine (AZT). In low and middle income countries d4T has only recen...
Authors: Zulfa Abrahams, Joel A Dave, Gary Maartens, Maia Lesosky and Naomi S Levitt
Despite recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that all adults be offered non-targeted HIV screening in all care settings, screening in acute-care settings remains unacceptably low. We perfor...
Authors: Rachel A Bender Ignacio, Jacqueline Chu, Melinda C Power, Jeffrey Douaiher, Jordan D Lane, Jeffrey P Collins and Valerie E Stone
HIV-1 entry into host cells is mediated by interactions between the virus envelope glycoprotein (gp120/gp41) and host-cell receptors. N-glycans represent approximately 50% of the molecular mass of gp120 and serve...
Authors: Milan Raska, Lydie Czernekova, Zina Moldoveanu, Katerina Zachova, Matt C Elliott, Zdenek Novak, Stacy Hall, Michael Hoelscher, Leonard Maboko, Rhubell Brown, Phillip D Smith, Jiri Mestecky and Jan Novak
The role of DCs in primary HIV-1 infection remains uncertain. In this study, we enrolled two different groups of subjects with acute HIV-1 infection. One group progressed to CD4 counts below 200 cells/μl withi...
HCV RNA viral load is an important predictor of sustained virological response and, recently, a significant correlation with liver fibrosis was described. We investigated on possible influence of clinical and ...
Authors: Monica Basso, Marzia Franzetti, Renzo Scaggiante, Andrea Sattin, Carlo Mengoli, Mario Cruciani, Marta Fiscon, Giorgio Palù and Saverio Giuseppe Parisi
Microsporidia have become increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens since the genesis of the AIDS epidemic. The incidence of microsporidiosis has decreased with the advent of combination antiretrovira...
Authors: Maude Loignon, Louise-Geneviève Labrecque, Céline Bard, Yves Robitaille and Emil Toma
To optimize treatment regimens, we assessed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diversity and the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Anhui province, China.
Authors: Yuelan Shen, Bin Su, Jianjun Wu, Yizu Qin, Lin Jin, Lifeng Miao, Aiwen Liu and Xiaoli Cheng
Data on the effectiveness of second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries of Eastern Europe is limited. Objective of this study was to evaluate virological outcomes of second-line ART...
Opioids may have effects on susceptibility to HIV-infection, viral replication and disease progression. Injecting drug users (IDU), as well as anyone receiving opioids for anesthesia and analgesia may suffer t...
Authors: Johannes Prottengeier, Eleni Koutsilieri and Carsten Scheller
Current German and European HIV guidelines recommend early evaluation of HCV treatment in all HIV/HCV co-infected patients. However, there are still considerable barriers to initiate HCV therapy in everyday cl...
Authors: Claudia Beisel, Martin Heuer, Benjamin Otto, Johannes Jochum, Stefan Schmiedel, Sandra Hertling, Olaf Degen, Stefan Lüth, Jan van Lunzen and Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
In response to an article published in 2012 by officials at the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), an independent analysis of state-based federal resource allocation for HIV was conducted to de...
Authors: Willie H Oglesby, Joseph L Smith and Sonia A Alemagno
HIV-1 coreceptor tropism testing is used to evaluate eligibility for CCR5 antagonist therapy. However, HIV-1 RNA-based tests are not suitable for virologically suppressed patients, therefore the use of provira...
Authors: Jennifer Brown, Harold Burger, Barbara Weiser, Richard B Pollard, Xiao-Dong Li, Lynell J Clancy, Russell E Baumann, Amy A Rogers, Hasnah B Hamdan, Rick L Pesano and Ron M Kagan
As the HIV-1 epidemic enters its fourth decade, HIV-1 associated neurological disorders (HAND) continue to be a major concern in the infected population, despite the widespread use of anti-retroviral therapy. ...
Authors: Vasudev R Rao, Arthur P Ruiz and Vinayaka R Prasad
The precise efficacy of nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in preventing and inhibiting virus replication remains unknown in RT-SHIV infected Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (Ch RM).
Authors: Wei Wang, Nan Yao, Zhe Cong, Hong Jiang, Chuan Qin and Qiang Wei
Long and short term side effects of antiretroviral drugs are not fully understood yet. Here a case of reversible blood count changes following post exposure prophylaxis with tenofovir/emtricitabin and lopinavi...
Authors: Benjamin T Schleenvoigt, John P Fobiwe, Peter M Keller, Stefan Hagel and Mathias W Pletz
A peer-reviewed journal would not survive without the generous time and insightful comments of the reviewers whose efforts often go unrecognized. AIDS Research and Therapy is very grateful for the support of high...
Prior studies have suggested that HAART initiation may vary by race/ethnicity. Utilizing the U.S. military healthcare system, which minimizes confounding from healthcare access, we analyzed whether timing of H...
Authors: Erica N Johnson, Mollie P Roediger, Michael L Landrum, Nancy F Crum-Cianflone, Amy C Weintrob, Anuradha Ganesan, Jason F Okulicz, Grace E Macalino and Brian K Agan
An increasing number of people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa has led to declines in HIV related morbidity and mortality. However, virologic failure (VF) and acquired drug resistance (AD...
Authors: Amin S Hassan, Helen M Nabwera, Shalton M Mwaringa, Clare A Obonyo, Eduard J Sanders, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Patricia A Cane and James A Berkley
This study assesses the relationships between lymphocyte and monocyte subsets and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive, HIV-infected Thai children without advanced HIV disease.
Authors: Jintanat Ananworanich, Torsak Bunupuradah, Tanakorn Apornpong, Pope Kosalaraksa, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul, Suparat Kanjanavanit, Chaiwat Ngampiyaskul, Jurai Wongsawat, Wicharn Luesomboon, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Tanyathip Jaimulwong, Stephen J Kerr, Pim Brouwers, William T Shearer and Thanyawee Puthanakit
Hypogonadism is common among HIV-infected men, even among men receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism among HIV-infected ...
Authors: Anne K Monroe, Adrian S Dobs, Frank J Palella, Lawrence A Kingsley, Mallory D Witt and Todd T Brown
Disclosing HIV serostatus is important for HIV prevention and maintenance of health for people living with HIV their spouses and the community, it plays a role in the social relation which is critical in reduc...
Authors: Gladys Yonah, Francis Fredrick and Germana Leyna
Central nervous system involvement in AIDS patients can present at any stage of the disease. Brain lesions detected in imaging studies are usually treated empirically. A brain biopsy is indicated in the absenc...
Authors: Zion Zibly, Itzchak Levy, Vlady Litchevski, Dvora Nass, Chen Hofmann, Jacob Barham, Christian A Graves, Roberto Spiegelmann, Moshe Hadani and Zvi R Cohen
Better understanding of drug resistance patterns in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is required to inform public health policies in high prevalence settings. The aim of this study was to ...
Authors: Sureshnee Pillay, Ruth M Bland, Richard J Lessells, Justen Manasa, Tulio de Oliveira and Sivapragashini Danaviah
Prolonged exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with adverse effects such as hyperlactatemia. We determined the prevalence and risk factors for developing hyperlactatemia among...
Authors: Corinne Tchoula Mamiafo, Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor, Jobert Richie N Nansseu, Constant Anatole Pieme, Claude Tayou and Jeanne Ngogang Yonkeu
Amyloid fibrils such as Semen-Derived Enhancer of Viral Infection (SEVI) or amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) enhance HIV-1 attachment and entry. Inhibitors destroying or converting those fibrils into non-amyloidogenic a...
Authors: Marek Widera, Antonia Nicole Klein, Yeliz Cinar, Susanne Aileen Funke, Dieter Willbold and Heiner Schaal
NLRP3-inflammasome activation was evaluated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) obtained through IL-4 (IL4-DC) or IFN-α (IFN-DC) protocols and pulsed with chemically inactivated HIV-1. Inflammasome’ genes...
Authors: Alessandra Pontillo, Bruna T Santillo, Alberto JS Duarte and Telma M Oshiro
Herpes zoster (HZ) is common among HIV-infected individuals, but the impacts of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART adherence on HZ risk have not been well studied.
Authors: Chenglong Liu, Cuiwei Wang, Marshall J Glesby, Gypsyamber D’souza, Audrey French, Howard Minkoff, Toby Maurer, Roksana Karim and Mary Young
The nucleoside(tide) reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) have traditionally been an important ‘back-bone’ of an antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. However all agents have been associated with both shor...
The success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has determined a dramatic decline in AIDS- and immunodeficiency-related causes of death in the HIV-infected population. As life-expectancy increases,...
Authors: Adelzon A Paula, Melissa CN Falcão and Antonio G Pacheco
Like most cellular mRNAs, the 5′ end of HIV mRNAs is capped and the 3′ end matured by the process of polyadenylation. There are, however, several rather unique and interesting aspects of these post-transcripti...
Thirty years since the discovery of HIV, the HIV pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa accounts for more than two thirds of the world’s HIV infections. Southern Africa remains the region most severely affected by the...
Despite the major advances in the management of HIV infection, HIV-infected patients still have greater morbidity and mortality than the general population. Serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs), including non-AIDS ...
Authors: Denise C Hsu, Irini Sereti and Jintanat Ananworanich
Anti-retroviral treated HIV-infected patients are at risk of mitochondrial toxicity, but non-invasive markers are lacking. Serum FGF-21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) levels correlate strongly with muscle biops...
Authors: Brendan AI Payne, David Ashley Price and Patrick F Chinnery
CCR5-delta32 heterozygous individuals are susceptible to HIV-1. However, it is not clear if there is a relevant protective effect against transmission and a beneficial effect in terms of HIV progression which ...
Authors: Gero Hütter, Christian Blüthgen, Martin Neumann, Mark Reinwald, Daniel Nowak and Harald Klüter
Early recognition of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure in resource limited settings is a challenge given the limited laboratory facilities and trained personnel. This study aimed at describing the incidence...
Authors: Robert Sebunya, Victor Musiime, Sabrina Bakeera Kitaka and Grace Ndeezi
The enumeration of absolute CD4 counts is of primary importance for many medical conditions especially HIV infection where therapeutic initiation depends on the count. These ranges tend to vary across populati...
Authors: Erick M Bosire, Anthony K Nyamache, Michael M Gicheru, Samoel A Khamadi, Raphael W Lihana and Vincent Okoth
Although the Centres for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends empiric treatment for schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis (prevalent but treatable parasitic infections) in some refugee groups it is u...
Authors: Corinna M Sadlier, Aisling Brown, John S Lambert, Gerard Sheehan and Patrick W G Mallon
Susac’s Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune endotheliopathy of cerebral, retinal and cochlear arterioles. We report of an HIV-infected woman who developed a first SS episode following a spontaneous reduction of pla...
Authors: Francesca Ferretti, Simonetta Gerevini, Bruno Colombo, Manuela Testa, Monica Guffanti, Diego Franciotta, Gaetano Bernardi, Adriano Lazzarin and Paola Cinque
Increasing rates of non-AIDS defining illnesses, and in particular liver diseases, have been found after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, there is little evidence concerning the...
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) roll-out is fraught with challenges, many with serious repercussions. We explored and described patient behaviour-related challenges from the perspective of health care providers f...
Authors: Janet Michel, Christina Matlakala, Rene English, Richard Lessells and Marie-Louise Newell
