A negative status following confirmatory Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) is the desired pediatric outcome of prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs. EID impacts epidemic control by confirming...
Authors: Patrick Dakum, Monday Tola, Nta Iboro, Chukwuemeka A. Okolo, Olachi Anuforom, Christopher Chime, Sam Peters, Jibreel Jumare, Obinna Ogbanufe, Aliyu Ahmad and Nicaise Ndembi
According to the user instructions from the manufacturer of OraQuick HIV self-test (HIVST) kits, individuals whose kits show one red band should be considered to be HIV-negative, no matter how weak the band is...
Authors: Rose Kisa, Joseph K. B. Matovu, Esther Buregyeya, William Musoke, Caroline J. Vrana-Diaz, Jeffrey E. Korte and Rhoda K. Wanyenze
Thailand has the highest prevalence of HIV among countries in Asia but has also been a pioneer in HIV prevention and treatment efforts in the region, reducing the incidence of new infections significantly over...
Authors: Camilla Muccini, Trevor A. Crowell, Eugène Kroon, Carlo Sacdalan, Reshmie Ramautarsing, Pich Seekaew, Praphan Phanuphak, Jintanat Ananworanich, Donn J. Colby and Nittaya Phanuphak
Two HIV virus types exist: HIV-1 is pandemic and aggressive, whereas HIV-2 is confined mainly to West Africa and less pathogenic. Despite the fact that it has been almost 40 years since the discovery of AIDS, ...
Authors: Joakim Esbjörnsson, Marianne Jansson, Sanne Jespersen, Fredrik Månsson, Bo L. Hønge, Jacob Lindman, Candida Medina, Zacarias J. da Silva, Hans Norrgren, Patrik Medstrand, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones and Christian Wejse
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a once-daily, single-tablet regimen for treatment of HIV-1 infection. The efficacy/safety of switching to D/C/F/TAF ver...
Authors: Gregory D. Huhn, Joseph J. Eron, Pierre-Marie Girard, Chloe Orkin, Jean-Michel Molina, Edwin DeJesus, Romana Petrovic, Donghan Luo, Erika Van Landuyt, Erkki Lathouwers, Richard E. Nettles, Kimberley Brown and Eric Y. Wong
There are approximately 72,000 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Peru. Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most important factor for therapeutic failure and the development of resistance....
Authors: Juan M. Leyva-Moral, Blanca K. Loayza-Enriquez, Patrick A. Palmieri, Genesis M. Guevara-Vasquez, Ursula E. Elias-Bravo, Joan E. Edwards, María Feijoo-Cid, Lucy Y. Davila-Olano, Juan R. Rodriguez-Llanos and Franco E. Leon-Jimenez
Study aim was to evaluate the safety and durability of darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) in a real life setting.
Authors: Lucia Taramasso, Elena Ricci, Antonio Cascio, Laura Valsecchi, Barbara Menzaghi, Nicola Squillace, Paolo Maggi, Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio, Chiara Dentone, Giordano Madeddu, Giovanni F. Pellicanò, Leonardo Calza, Goffredo Angioni, Paolo Bonfanti and Antonio Di Biagio
The South African public health system plays an important role in the delivery of HIV testing and treatment services. The health system is also an important conduit for targeted behaviour change communication ...
Authors: Gavin George, Sean Beckett, Cherie Cawood, David Khanyile, Kaymarlin Govender and Ayesha B. M. Kharsany
Brazil is a low-and-middle income country (LMIC) that, despite having a large population and continental dimensions, has been able to successfully fight HIV/AIDS through a number of governmental and societal m...
Authors: Adele S. Benzaken, Gerson F. M. Pereira, Lendel Costa, Amilcar Tanuri, André F. Santos and Marcelo A. Soares
Despite notable increase in HIV testing among Uganda’s women from 25% in 2006 to 71% in 2011, HIV testing among adolescent women remains very low at 45.5%. This study assesses differences in HIV testing and re...
Authors: Stephen Ediru, Robert Wamala and Betty Kwagala
People living with HIV (PLHIV) constantly need to address social issues such as the cost of accessing care, stigma, and lack of social support which impacts on their level of adherence to clinic visits or anti...
Authors: Babatunde Adelekan, Nifarta Andrew, Iboro Nta, Asabe Gomwalk, Nicaise Ndembi, Charles Mensah, Patrick Dakum and Ahmad Aliyu
Owing to similar clinical presentations, as of cutaneous disease of different etiologies, and extreme rarity in the global incidence; primary cutaneous actinomycosis often remains as diagnostic challenges.
Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and has been associated with an increasing number of hematologic diseases such as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) (both classic and extrac...
Authors: Laura Campogiani, Carlotta Cerva, Gaetano Maffongelli, Elisabetta Teti, Livio Pupo, Sara Vaccarini, Maria Cantonetti, Alfredo Pennica, Massimo Andreoni and Loredana Sarmati
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an alarming problem in North African countries, but few studies have analyzed the geographical distribution of the epidemic. Libya, the second largest c...
Authors: Mohamed A. Daw, Amina M. Daw, Nadia E. M. Sifennasr, Aisha M. Draha, Ahmed A. Daw, Ali A. Daw, Mohamed O. Ahmed, Ebtisam S. Mokhtar, Abdallah Hu. El-Bouzedi, Ibrahem M. Daw, Samia I. Adam and Saed Warrag
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are amongst populations at-risk for HIV acquisition in Thailand. In youth MSM (aged 15–24 years), the incidence of HIV infection has substantially increased. However, data on HI...
Data on chronic kidney disease development in HIV infection is important towards building a comprehensive knowledge of HIV, ageing and polypharmacy in Africa. Several previous studies on tenofovir-associated k...
Authors: Takudzwa J. Mtisi, Chiratidzo E. Ndhlovu, Chiedza C. Maponga and Gene D. Morse
As in non-infected subjects, statins and aspirin have a pivotal preventive role in reducing the cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients. The persistence of immune activation in ...
Authors: P. Maggi, G. V. De Socio, S. Cicalini, M. D’Abbraccio, G. Dettorre, A. Di Biagio, C. Martinelli, G. Nunnari, S. Rusconi, L. Sighinolfi, V. Spagnuolo and N. Squillace
Presence of isolated anti-HBc antibody is common in HIV-infected patients in endemic areas and could be caused by prior HBV infection with loss of anti-HBs antibody. The role of vaccination in these patients r...
Practical screening strategies are necessary to detect neurocognitive impairment of all severities in HIV populations, which remains prevalent despite highly active antiretroviral therapy and requires full neu...
Authors: Lai Gwen Chan, Mei Jing Ho, Yijun Carol Lin, Yining Ong and Chen Seong Wong
The World Health Organization and Tanzanian National Guidelines for HIV and AIDS management, recommends provider initiated testing and counseling for HIV at any point of health care contact. In Tanzania, over ...
Authors: Juma Ramadhani, Hendry R. Sawe, Said S. Kilindimo, Juma A. Mfinanga and Ellen J. Weber
Long-term success of cART is possible if the regimen is convenient and less-toxic. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of switching from a first-line NNRTI or boosted PI-based regimens to RPV-based reg...
Authors: Sivaporn Gatechompol, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Tanakorn Apornpong, Win Min Han, Stephen J. Kerr and Kiat Ruxrungtham
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV late presentation and advanced HIV disease and to identify the factors associated with HIV late presentation and advanced HIV disease among patients with n...
Authors: Xi Hu, Bingyu Liang, Chongxing Zhou, Junjun Jiang, Jiegang Huang, Chuanyi Ning, Jie Liu, Bo Zhou, Ning Zang, Jinzhen Lai, Rongfeng Chen, Yanyan Liao, Peijiang Pan, Xin Liu, Guanghua Lan, Xianwu Pang…
High rates of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance was a key consideration in the WHO policies transitioning first-line regimens to include integrase inhibitors (dolutegravir [DTG...
Authors: Sarah E. Rutstein, Jane S. Chen, Julie A. E. Nelson, Samuel Phiri, William C. Miller and Mina C. Hosseinipour
Despite the advances in therapy, the occurrence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful treatment. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity...
Authors: Larissa Danielle Bahls, Pedro Henrique Canezin, Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche, José Carlos Couto Fernandez, José Ricardo Colleti Dias, Vera Alice Fernandes Meneguetti, Luis Toshio Ueda and Dennis Armando Bertolini
Our understanding of HIV-1 and antiretroviral treatment (ART) is strongly biased towards subtype B, the predominant subtype in North America and western Europe. Efforts to characterize the response to first-li...
Authors: Art F. Y. Poon, Emmanuel Ndashimye, Mariano Avino, Richard Gibson, Cissy Kityo, Fred Kyeyune, Immaculate Nankya, Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu and Eric J. ARTS
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use by people living with HIV reduces HIV transmission, morbidity, mortality, and improves quality of life. Good ART adherence is required to achieve these benefits. We investigate...
Authors: Dominic Bukenya, Billy Nsubuga Mayanja, Sarah Nakamanya, Richard Muhumuza and Janet Seeley
HLA-B*57:01 screening was added to clinical care guidelines in 2008 to reduce the risk of hypersensitivity reaction from abacavir. The uptake of HLA-B*57:01 screening and incidence of hypersensitivity reaction...
Authors: Karam Mounzer, Ricky Hsu, Jennifer S. Fusco, Laurence Brunet, Cassidy E. Henegar, Vani Vannappagari, Chris M. Stainsby, Mark S. Shaefer, Leigh Ragone and Gregory P. Fusco
Patients who are HIV-positive and co-infected with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. This is of clinical significance. There has been a dramatic inc...
Authors: Carole Khaw, Daniel Richardson, Gail Matthews and Tim Read
The management of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in HIV-infected patients is often complex with patients experiencing higher mortality rates, more toxic side effects and a higher possibility of treatment failure ...
Authors: Antonio Mastroianni, Paolo Gaibani, Giada Rossini, Caterina Vocale, Maria Carla Re, Gianfranco Ravaglia, Vittorio Sambri and Stefania Varani
The World Health Organization estimates that smoking poses one of the greatest global health risks in the general population. Rates of current smoking among people living with HIV (PLHIV) are 2–3 times that of...
Authors: Michelle L. Giles, Coral Gartner and Mark A. Boyd
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a critical component of HIV prevention. VMMC policies have achieved initial targets in adult men yet continue to fall short in reaching younger men and adolescents.
Authors: O. Galárraga, P. Shah, M. Wilson-Barthes, D. Ayuku and P. Braitstein
Studies relating to long-term virological outcomes among children on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) from low and middle-income countries are limited.
Authors: Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran, Anita Shet, Ramalingam Srinivasan, G. N. Sanjeeva, Sudha Subramanyan, Suba Sunderesan, Karunaianantham Ramesh, Bindu Gopalan, Elumalai Suresh, Navaneethan Poornagangadevi, Luke E. Hanna, Chockalingam Chandrasekar, Christine Wanke and Soumya Swaminathan
Ageing is the result of biological events that progressively and irreversibly compromise the function of vital organs and eventually result in death. There is a general perception that ageing is accelerated in...
Like other countries, Tanzania instituted mobile and outreach testing approaches to address low HIV testing rates at health facilities and enhance linkage to care. Available evidence from hard-to-reach rural s...
Authors: Erica S. Sanga, Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Adiel K. Mushi, Willyhelmina Olomi, Wondwossen Lerebo and Christina Zarowsky
Adolescents living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have worse treatment adherence, viral suppression, and mortality rates compared to adults. This study investigated factors associated with viral non-...
Authors: Kolab Chhim, Gitau Mburu, Sovannary Tuot, Ratana Sopha, Vohith Khol, Pheak Chhoun and Siyan Yi
The life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) has dramatically improved with effective and well-tolerated antiretroviral therapy. This presents a new challenge in caring for this patient population, wi...
The widespread global access to antiretroviral drugs has led to considerable reductions in morbidity and mortality but, unfortunately, the risk of virologic failure increases with the emergence, and potential ...
Authors: Nicholas Silver, Mary Paynter, Georgina McAllister, Maureen Atchley, Christine Sayir, John Short, Dane Winner, David J. Alouani, Freddie H. Sharkey, Kicki Bergefall, Kate Templeton, David Carrington and Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu
To compare outcomes with single tablet regimens (STR) versus multi-tablet regimens (MTR) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment using published data.
Authors: Patrick G. Clay, Wei C. Yuet, Christiane H. Moecklinghoff, Inge Duchesne, Krzysztof L. Tronczyński, Sandip Shah and Dong Shao
Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) have been an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV. There is no data on the spectrum of NADCs in Mexico. We describe the type of neoplasms, clinical...
Authors: P. Cornejo-Juárez, D. Cavildo-Jerónimo and P. Volkow-Fernández
While the effects of initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on risky sexual behavior have been extensively studied, less is known about the long-term changes in risky sexual behavior over time in resourc...
Authors: Stephen Okoboi, Barbara Castelnuovo, David M. Moore, Joseph Musaazi, Andrew Kambugu, Josephine Birungi, Pontiano Kaleebu, Mastula Nanfuka, Moses R. Kamya and Annelies Van Rie
It has been speculated that the prevalence of chemsex is increasing in men who have sex with men and that this may be playing a role in the spread of HIV.
Authors: Chris Kenyon, Kristien Wouters, Tom Platteau, Jozefien Buyze and Eric Florence
Immune restoration is often incomplete after ART in HIV patients, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We studied the incidence and probability of CD4/CD8 normalization in an adult Thai HIV cohort and explor...
Authors: Win Min Han, Tanakorn Apornpong, Stephen J. Kerr, Akarin Hiransuthikul, Sivaporn Gatechompol, Tanya Do, Kiat Ruxrungtham and Anchalee Avihingsanon
Extramarital sex is a potential driver of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission for long-term couples in sub-Saharan Africa. It is increasingly recognized that preventing sexual risk behaviours requi...
Authors: Sally M. Mtenga, Constanze Pfeiffer, Marcel Tanner, Eveline Geubbels and Sonja Merten
The prevalence of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral therapies (ART) has declined in high-income countries over recent years, but drug resistance remains a substantial concern in many low and middle-income cou...
Authors: Oliver T. Stirrup, David T. Dunn, Anna Tostevin, Caroline A. Sabin, Anton Pozniak, David Asboe, Alison Cox, Chloe Orkin, Fabiola Martin and Patricia Cane
While efficacy data exist, there are limited data on the outcomes of patients on third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa in actual practice. Being able to identify predictors of switch to...
Authors: Denise Evans, Kamban Hirasen, Rebecca Berhanu, Given Malete, Prudence Ive, David Spencer, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Ian M. Sanne and Matthew P. Fox
As part of efforts to improve the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Northern Uganda, we explored reasons for poor viral suppression among 122 pregnant and lactating women who were in care, received...
Authors: Tamara Nsubuga-Nyombi, Simon Sensalire, Esther Karamagi, Judith Aloyo, John Byabagambi, Mirwais Rahimzai, Linda Kisaakye Nabitaka and Jacqueline Calnan
Understanding the circumstances of adolescents living with HIV is critical in designing adolescent-friendly services that will facilitate successful transition from pediatric to adult care. This study describe...
Authors: Graham Toth, Gitau Mburu, Sovannary Tuot, Vohith Khol, Chanrith Ngin, Pheak Chhoun and Siyan Yi
HIV infection causes upregulation of markers of inflammation, immune activation and apoptosis of host adaptive, and innate immune cells particularly monocytes, natural killer (NK) and innate lymphoid cells (IL...
Authors: Rose Nabatanzi, Stephen Cose, Moses Joloba, Sarah Rowland Jones and Damalie Nakanjako
To assess the prevalence of non-AIDS co-morbidities (NACs) and predictors of adverse health outcomes amongst people living with HIV in order to identify health needs and potential gaps in patient management.
Authors: Derek J. Chan, Virginia Furner, Don E. Smith, Mithilesh Dronavalli, Rohan I. Bopage, Jeffrey J. Post and Anjali K. Bhardwaj
