The World Health Organization estimates that smoking poses one of the greatest global health risks in the general population. Rates of current smoking among people living with HIV (PLHIV) are 2–3 times that of...
Authors: Michelle L. Giles, Coral Gartner and Mark A. Boyd
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a critical component of HIV prevention. VMMC policies have achieved initial targets in adult men yet continue to fall short in reaching younger men and adolescents.
Authors: O. Galárraga, P. Shah, M. Wilson-Barthes, D. Ayuku and P. Braitstein
Studies relating to long-term virological outcomes among children on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) from low and middle-income countries are limited.
Authors: Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran, Anita Shet, Ramalingam Srinivasan, G. N. Sanjeeva, Sudha Subramanyan, Suba Sunderesan, Karunaianantham Ramesh, Bindu Gopalan, Elumalai Suresh, Navaneethan Poornagangadevi, Luke E. Hanna, Chockalingam Chandrasekar, Christine Wanke and Soumya Swaminathan
Ageing is the result of biological events that progressively and irreversibly compromise the function of vital organs and eventually result in death. There is a general perception that ageing is accelerated in...
Like other countries, Tanzania instituted mobile and outreach testing approaches to address low HIV testing rates at health facilities and enhance linkage to care. Available evidence from hard-to-reach rural s...
Authors: Erica S. Sanga, Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Adiel K. Mushi, Willyhelmina Olomi, Wondwossen Lerebo and Christina Zarowsky
Adolescents living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have worse treatment adherence, viral suppression, and mortality rates compared to adults. This study investigated factors associated with viral non-...
Authors: Kolab Chhim, Gitau Mburu, Sovannary Tuot, Ratana Sopha, Vohith Khol, Pheak Chhoun and Siyan Yi
The life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) has dramatically improved with effective and well-tolerated antiretroviral therapy. This presents a new challenge in caring for this patient population, wi...
The widespread global access to antiretroviral drugs has led to considerable reductions in morbidity and mortality but, unfortunately, the risk of virologic failure increases with the emergence, and potential ...
Authors: Nicholas Silver, Mary Paynter, Georgina McAllister, Maureen Atchley, Christine Sayir, John Short, Dane Winner, David J. Alouani, Freddie H. Sharkey, Kicki Bergefall, Kate Templeton, David Carrington and Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu
To compare outcomes with single tablet regimens (STR) versus multi-tablet regimens (MTR) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment using published data.
Authors: Patrick G. Clay, Wei C. Yuet, Christiane H. Moecklinghoff, Inge Duchesne, Krzysztof L. Tronczyński, Sandip Shah and Dong Shao
Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) have been an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV. There is no data on the spectrum of NADCs in Mexico. We describe the type of neoplasms, clinical...
Authors: P. Cornejo-Juárez, D. Cavildo-Jerónimo and P. Volkow-Fernández
While the effects of initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on risky sexual behavior have been extensively studied, less is known about the long-term changes in risky sexual behavior over time in resourc...
Authors: Stephen Okoboi, Barbara Castelnuovo, David M. Moore, Joseph Musaazi, Andrew Kambugu, Josephine Birungi, Pontiano Kaleebu, Mastula Nanfuka, Moses R. Kamya and Annelies Van Rie
It has been speculated that the prevalence of chemsex is increasing in men who have sex with men and that this may be playing a role in the spread of HIV.
Authors: Chris Kenyon, Kristien Wouters, Tom Platteau, Jozefien Buyze and Eric Florence
Immune restoration is often incomplete after ART in HIV patients, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We studied the incidence and probability of CD4/CD8 normalization in an adult Thai HIV cohort and explor...
Authors: Win Min Han, Tanakorn Apornpong, Stephen J. Kerr, Akarin Hiransuthikul, Sivaporn Gatechompol, Tanya Do, Kiat Ruxrungtham and Anchalee Avihingsanon
Extramarital sex is a potential driver of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission for long-term couples in sub-Saharan Africa. It is increasingly recognized that preventing sexual risk behaviours requi...
Authors: Sally M. Mtenga, Constanze Pfeiffer, Marcel Tanner, Eveline Geubbels and Sonja Merten
The prevalence of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral therapies (ART) has declined in high-income countries over recent years, but drug resistance remains a substantial concern in many low and middle-income cou...
Authors: Oliver T. Stirrup, David T. Dunn, Anna Tostevin, Caroline A. Sabin, Anton Pozniak, David Asboe, Alison Cox, Chloe Orkin, Fabiola Martin and Patricia Cane
While efficacy data exist, there are limited data on the outcomes of patients on third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa in actual practice. Being able to identify predictors of switch to...
Authors: Denise Evans, Kamban Hirasen, Rebecca Berhanu, Given Malete, Prudence Ive, David Spencer, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Ian M. Sanne and Matthew P. Fox
As part of efforts to improve the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Northern Uganda, we explored reasons for poor viral suppression among 122 pregnant and lactating women who were in care, received...
Authors: Tamara Nsubuga-Nyombi, Simon Sensalire, Esther Karamagi, Judith Aloyo, John Byabagambi, Mirwais Rahimzai, Linda Kisaakye Nabitaka and Jacqueline Calnan
Understanding the circumstances of adolescents living with HIV is critical in designing adolescent-friendly services that will facilitate successful transition from pediatric to adult care. This study describe...
Authors: Graham Toth, Gitau Mburu, Sovannary Tuot, Vohith Khol, Chanrith Ngin, Pheak Chhoun and Siyan Yi
HIV infection causes upregulation of markers of inflammation, immune activation and apoptosis of host adaptive, and innate immune cells particularly monocytes, natural killer (NK) and innate lymphoid cells (IL...
Authors: Rose Nabatanzi, Stephen Cose, Moses Joloba, Sarah Rowland Jones and Damalie Nakanjako
To assess the prevalence of non-AIDS co-morbidities (NACs) and predictors of adverse health outcomes amongst people living with HIV in order to identify health needs and potential gaps in patient management.
Authors: Derek J. Chan, Virginia Furner, Don E. Smith, Mithilesh Dronavalli, Rohan I. Bopage, Jeffrey J. Post and Anjali K. Bhardwaj
Criteria for the 2007 WHO algorithm for diagnosing tuberculosis among HIV-infected seriously ill patients are the presence of one or more danger signs (respiratory rate > 30/min, heart rate > 120/min, temperat...
Authors: Rulan Griesel, Annemie Stewart, Helen van der Plas, Welile Sikhondze, Marc Mendelson and Gary Maartens
Despite the conventional approaches to HIV prevention being the bedrock for early reductions in HIV infections in Uganda, innovations that demonstrate reduction in risk to infection in vulnerable populations n...
Authors: Esther Karamagi, Simon Sensalire, Juliana Nabwire, John Byabagambi, Alfred O. Awio, George Aluma, Mirwais Rahimzai, Jacqueline Calnan and Sheila Kyobutungi
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and its major complication pulmonary embolism (PE) are collectively known as venous thromboembolism. In Uganda, the prevalence of DVT among HIV patients has not been previously pub...
Authors: Sosthene Tsongo Vululi, Samuel Bugeza, Muyinda Zeridah, Henry Ddungu, Akello Betty Openy, Mubiru Frank and Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi
Concurrent with the UNAIDS 90-90-90 and NHAS plans, the District of Columbia (DC) launched its 90/90/90/50 plan (Plan) in 2015. The Plan proposes that by 2020, 90% of all DC residents will know their HIV status; ...
Authors: Suparna Das, Jenevieve Opoku, Michael Kharfen and Adam Allston
Mental health (MH) comorbidities reduce retention in care for persons living with HIV (PLWH) and are associated with poor health outcomes. Optimizing retention in primary care is vital, as poor retention is as...
Authors: Lauren A. Saag, Ashutosh R. Tamhane, D. Scott Batey, Michael J. Mugavero and Ellen F. Eaton
We evaluate the impact of clinic-based PMTCT community support by trained lay health workers in addition to standard clinical care on PMTCT infant outcomes.
Authors: Karl Peltzer, Stephen M. Weiss, Manasi Soni, Tae Kyoung Lee, Violeta J. Rodriguez, Ryan Cook, Maria Luisa Alcaide, Geoffrey Setswe and Deborah L. Jones
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has modified the natural history of HIV-infection: the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) has decreased and mortality associated to HIV has improved dramatically. The reas...
Authors: María Fernanda Álvarez Barreneche, Carlos Andrés Restrepo Castro, Alicia Hidrón Botero, Juan Pablo Villa Franco, Ivan Mauricio Trompa Romero, Laura Restrepo Carvajal, Alejandro Eusse García, Adriana Ocampo Mesa, Lina María Echeverri Toro, Glenys Patricia Porras Fernández de Castro, Jaime Mauricio Ramírez Rivera and Carlos Andrés Agudelo Restrepo
As a simplification strategy for treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients who have achieved virologic suppression on a multi-drug, multi-class antiretroviral regimen, the aim of this study was to evaluate t...
Authors: Marianne Harris, Bruce Ganase, Birgit Watson, P. Richard Harrigan, Julio S. G. Montaner and Mark W. Hull
For patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), treatment interruptions can impact patient outcomes and result in the accumulation of drug resistance mutations leading to virologic failure. There are minimal pub...
Authors: Seema T. Meloni, Beth Chaplin, John Idoko, Oche Agbaji, Sulaimon Akanmu, Godwin Imade, Prosper Okonkwo, Robert L. Murphy and Phyllis J. Kanki
Plant extracts are sources of valuable compounds with biological activity, especially for the anti-proliferative activity against pathogens or tumor cells. Myricetin is a flavonoid found in several plants that...
Authors: Joseph T. Ortega, Alirica I. Suárez, Maria L. Serrano, Jani Baptista, Flor H. Pujol and Hector R. Rangel
Clinicians are incorporating patient-reported outcomes in the management of HIV-infected persons co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), but there are no validated inventories to monitor symptoms of patients...
Authors: Edward R. Cachay, Craig Ballard, Bradford Colwell, Francesca Torriani, Charles Hicks and Wm. Christopher Mathews
The success of many current vaccines relies on a formulation that incorporates an immune activating adjuvant. This will hold true for the design of a successful therapeutic HIV vaccine targeted at controlling ...
Collective evidence supporting a role of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) in controlling HIV-1 transmission and disease progression emerged in the last few years. Non-neutralizing antibodie...
Authors: Jonathan Richard, Shilei Ding and Andrés Finzi
Despite the tremendous success of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) no current treatment can eradicate latent HIV reservoirs from HIV-infected individuals or generate, effective HIV-specific immunity. Technologica...
Authors: Amy E. Baxter, Julia Niessl, Antigoni Morou and Daniel E. Kaufmann
The anti-HIV activity of natural killer (NK) cells could be induced fast enough to potentially prevent the establishment of HIV infection. Epidemiological studies identified two genotypes encoding NK receptors...
Finding new adjuvants is an integrated component of the efforts in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Compared with traditional adjuvants, a modern adjuvant in the context of HIV-1 prevention would elicit ...
Despite the significant success of combination anti-retroviral therapy to reduce HIV viremia and save lives, HIV-1 infection remains a lifelong infection that must be appropriately managed. Advances in the und...
Authors: Joshua Pankrac, Katja Klein and Jamie F. S. Mann
HIV preferentially infects activated CD4+ T cells and mutates rapidly. The classical vaccine approach aimed to generate broad immune responses to full HIV proteins largely failed to address the potential adver...
Authors: Hongzhao Li, Robert W. Omange, Francis A. Plummer and Ma Luo
Circumcision reduces heterosexual HIV-1 acquisition in men by at least 60%. However, the biological mechanisms by which circumcision is protective remain incompletely understood. We test the hypothesis that th...
Chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes HIV-specific CD8+ T cell dysfunction and exhaustion. The strong association between non-progression and maintenance of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell cyt...
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), like many other Rhabdoviruses, have become the focus of intense research over the past couple of decades based on their suitability as vaccine vectors, transient gene delivery...
Authors: Trina Racine, Gary P. Kobinger and Eric J. Arts
The quest for an effective HIV-1 vaccine began as soon as the virus causing AIDS was identified. After several disappointing attempts, results of the Phase-III RV144 trial in Thailand were a beacon of hope for...
The development of an efficient prophylactic HIV vaccine has been one of the major challenges in infectious disease research during the last three decades. Here, we present a mini review on strategies employed...
While the prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection has stabilized globally, it continues to be the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. The majority of new infections a...
Authors: Danielle Vitali, Jocelyn M. Wessels and Charu Kaushic
APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F) are DNA-mutating enzymes expressed in T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. A3G/F have been considered innate immune host factors, based on reports that they lethally muta...
For over three decades, HIV infection has had a tremendous impact on the lives of individuals and public health. Microbicides and vaccines studies have shown that immune activation at the genital tract is a ri...
Authors: Julie Lajoie, Lucy Mwangi and Keith R. Fowke
The extreme HIV diversity posts a great challenge on development of an effective anti-HIV vaccine. To solve this problem, it is crucial to discover an appropriate immunogens and strategies that are able to pre...
We present a small longitudinal study of how demographic factors and persistent burdens of HIV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) influence cardiovascular health in young adults beginning ART in an inner-city clinic in...
