Articles

Trends in the HIV related hospital admissions in the HAART era in Barbados, 2004–2006

To investigate the reasons for hospitalizations and its outcome in the era of HAART in Barbados. This report also describes the profile of the HIV infected persons who are hospitalized in the HAART era.

Authors: Alok Kumar, Krishna R Kilaru, Shelly Sandiford and Sheila Forde

Retroviral rebound syndrome after treatment discontinuation in a 15 year old girl with HIV attracted through mother-to-child transmission: case report

A case of a 15 year old girl with retroviral rebound syndrome after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) due to side effects is presented. The patient was transmitted with HIV at b...

Authors: Vanda Friman and Magnus Gisslén

Baseline resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors fails to predict virologic response to combination therapy in children (PACTG 338)

The association between baseline drug resistance mutations and subsequent increase in viral failure has not been established for HIV-infected children. We evaluated drug resistance mutations at 39 codon sites ...

Authors: Susan A Fiscus, Andrea Kovacs, Leslie A Petch, Chengcheng Hu, Andrew A Wiznia, Lynne M Mofenson, Ram Yogev, Kenneth McIntosh, Stephen I Pelton, Sonia Napravnik, Kenneth Stanley and Sharon A Nachman

Determining eligibility for antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings using total lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin and body mass index

CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4) cell count testing is the standard method for determining eligibility for antiretroviral therapy (ART), but is not widely available in sub-Saharan Africa. Total lymphocyte counts (TLCs)...

Authors: David M Moore, Anna Awor, Robert S Downing, Willy Were, Peter Solberg, David Tu, Keith Chan, Robert S Hogg and Jonathan Mermin

Use of taste-masking product, FLAVORx, to assist Thai children to ingest generic antiretrovirals

We evaluated whether FLAVORx helped thirty Thai children take opened capsule, crushed tablets and liquid generic ARVs with more ease. All children had excellent adherence, evaluated by PACTG Standard Internati...

Authors: Torsak Bunupuradah, Siripan Wannachai, Arpa Chuamchaitrakool, Jintana Intasan, Thantip Nuchapong, Woodie Neiss, Kenny Kramm, Chitsanu Pancharoen, David Burger and Jintanat Ananworanich

Post-exposure prophylaxis for SIV revisited: Animal model for HIV prevention

A 4-week, uninterrupted treatment with 9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyly)adenine (PMPA, commonly called tenofovir) completely prevents simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV_mne) infection in cynomolgus macaques if treat...

Authors: Peter Emau, Yonghou Jiang, Michael B Agy, Baoping Tian, Girma Bekele and Che-Chung Tsai

HLA-G DNA sequence variants and risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission

HLA-G gene is a non-classical MHC class 1 molecule that is highly expressed in the trophoblast at the maternal-fetal interface. In an attempt to elucidate possible immunological mechanisms facilitating protection...

Authors: Felix O Aikhionbare, K Kumaresan, Falah Shamsa and Vincent C Bond

HIV among pregnant women in Moshi Tanzania: the role of sexual behavior, male partner characteristics and sexually transmitted infections

Women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV in Tanzania, and factors contributing to this situation need to be identified. The objective of this study was to determine social, behavioral and biolog...

Authors: Sia E Msuya, Elizabeth Mbizvo, Akhtar Hussain, Jacqueline Uriyo, Noel E Sam and Babill Stray-Pedersen

Comparison of capillary based microflurometric assay for CD4+ T cell count estimation with dual platform Flow cytometry

The CD4+ T cell count estimation is an important monitoring tool for HIV disease progression and efficacy of anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Due to availability of ART at low cost in developing countries, que...

Authors: Madhuri R Thakar, Kishore B Kumar, Bharati A Mahajan, Sanjay M Mehendale and Ramesh S Paranjape

Microbicides 2006 conference

Current HIV/AIDS statistics show that women account for almost 60% of HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. HIV prevention tools such as male and female condoms, abstinence and monogamy are not always feasible...

Authors: Gita Ramjee, Robin Shattock, Sinead Delany, Ian McGowan, Neetha Morar and Megan Gottemoeller

Niekerk Anton A, Kopelman Loretta M: Ethics and AIDS in Africa: The Challenge to our Thinking Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press; 2005. 222 pages, ISBN 1-59874-070-9

Authors: Stuart Rennie

Prevention for those who have freedom of choice – or among the choice-disabled: confronting equity in the AIDS epidemic

With the exception of post-exposure prophylaxis for reported rape, no preventive strategy addresses the choice disabled – those who might like to benefit from AIDS prevention but who are unable to do so becaus...

Authors: Neil Andersson

Partial protective effect of CCR5-Delta 32 heterozygosity in a cohort of heterosexual Italian HIV-1 exposed uninfected individuals

Despite multiple sexual exposure to HIV-1 virus, some individuals remain HIV-1 seronegative (exposed seronegative, ESN). The mechanisms underlying this resistance remain still unclear, although a multifactoria...

Authors: Enrico M Trecarichi, Mario Tumbarello, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Enrica Tamburrini, Roberto Cauda, Christina Brahe and Francesco D Tiziano

Cytotoxic T cell recognition of an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase variant peptide incorporating the K103N drug resistance mutation

During HIV-1 infection, cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses exert strong selective pressure on the replicating virus population. Here we report evidence for T cell activity against the drug resistant K103N region...

Authors: Lisa Mahnke and David Clifford

Predicting AIDS-related events using CD4 percentage or CD4 absolute counts

The extent of immunosuppression and the probability of developing an AIDS-related complication in HIV-infected people is usually measured by the absolute number of CD4 positive T-cells. The percentage of CD4 p...

Authors: Yasmin Pirzada, Sadik Khuder and Haig Donabedian

The effect of different combination therapies on oxidative stress markers in HIV infected patients in cameroon

The study assessed the effect of some highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), used in the management of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon, on oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (as TBARs), albumin, pr...

Authors: Judith L Ngondi, Julius Oben, David Musoro Forkah, Lucten Honore Etame and Dora Mbanya

IL-2 production correlates with effector cell differentiation in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells

Diminished IL-2 production and lack of effector differentiation have been reported for HIV-specific T cells. In this study, we examined the prevalence of these phenomena using 8-color cytokine flow cytometry, ...

Authors: Laurel E Nomura, Brinda Emu, Rebecca Hoh, Perry Haaland, Steven G Deeks, Jeffrey N Martin, Joseph M McCune, Douglas F Nixon and Holden T Maecker

Body image in women with HIV: a cross-sectional evaluation

HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is a recognized complication of potent antiretroviral therapy and is characterized by often dramatic changes in various body fat stores, both central and peripheral. Given prior find...

Authors: Jeannie S Huang, Shawn Harrity, Daniel Lee, Karen Becerra, Rosanne Santos and WChristopher Mathews

A placebo-controlled pilot study of intensification of antiretroviral therapy with mycophenolate mofetil

We studied the safety, tolerability, virologic, and immunologic effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) added to a stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the setting of low-level viremia.

Authors: Rupinderjeet Kaur, Roger Bedimo, Mary Beth Kvanli, Diana Turner, Leslie Shaw and David Margolis

Inhibition of highly productive HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes by Sargassum fusiforme

The high rate of HIV-1 mutation and increasing resistance to currently available antiretroviral (ART) therapies highlight the need for new antiviral agents. Products derived from natural sources have been show...

Authors: Elena E Paskaleva, Xudong Lin, Wen Li, Robin Cotter, Michael T Klein, Emily Roberge, Er K Yu, Bruce Clark, Jean-Claude Veille, Yanze Liu, David Y-W Lee and Mario Canki

Aboriginal status is a prognostic factor for mortality among antiretroviral naïve HIV-positive individuals first initiating HAART

Although the impact of Aboriginal status on HIV incidence, HIV disease progression, and access to treatment has been investigated previously, little is known about the relationship between Aboriginal ethnicity...

Authors: Viviane D Lima, Patricia Kretz, Anita Palepu, Simon Bonner, Thomas Kerr, David Moore, Mark Daniel, Julio SG Montaner and Robert S Hogg

A nucleolar localizing Rev binding element inhibits HIV replication

The Rev protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) facilitates the nuclear export of intron containing viral mRNAs allowing formation of infectious virions. Rev traffics through the nucleolus and shuttl...

Authors: Alessandro Michienzi, Fernanda G De Angelis, Irene Bozzoni and John J Rossi

Novel multi-component nanopharmaceuticals derived from poly(ethylene) glycol, retro-inverso-Tat nonapeptide and saquinavir demonstrate combined anti-HIV effects

Current anti-AIDS therapeutic agents and treatment regimens can provide a dramatically improved quality of life for HIV-positive people, many of whom have no detectable viral load for prolonged periods of time...

Authors: Li Wan, Xiaoping Zhang, Simi Gunaseelan, Shahriar Pooyan, Olivia Debrah, Michael J Leibowitz, Arnold B Rabson, Stanley Stein and Patrick J Sinko

Efavirenz use during pregnancy and for women of child-bearing potential

Efavirenz is the preferred non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for first-line antiretroviral treatment in many countries. For women of childbearing potential, advantages of efavirenz are balanced by...

Authors: Matthew F Chersich, Michael F Urban, Francois WD Venter, Tina Wessels, Amanda Krause, Glenda E Gray, Stanley Luchters and Dennis L Viljoen

Antiretroviral therapy at a district hospital in Ethiopia prevents death and tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV patients

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces mortality in the developed world, it remains undocumented in resource-poor settings. We assessed the effect of HAART on patient mortality and tuber...

Authors: Degu Jerene, Are Næss and Bernt Lindtjørn

Randomized controlled trial of Hepatitis B virus vaccine in HIV-1-infected patients comparing two different doses

Co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not infrequent as both share same route of exposure. The risk of developing chronic hepatitis B virus is 6%, in general popul...

Authors: Patricia Cornejo-Juárez, Patricia Volkow-Fernández, Kenia Escobedo-López, Diana Vilar-Compte, Guillermo Ruiz-Palacios and Luis Enrique Soto-Ramírez

LMP-420, a small-molecule inhibitor of TNF-alpha, reduces replication of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human cells

Co-infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tb) are steadily increasing and represent a major health crisis in many developing countries. Both pathogens individually sti...

Authors: Soichi Haraguchi, Noorbibi K Day, Wasu Kamchaisatian, Macarena Beigier-Pompadre, Steffen Stenger, Nutthapong Tangsinmankong, John W Sleasman, Salvatore V Pizzo and George J Cianciolo

Butera Salvatore T: HIV Chemotherapy: a Critical Review Norfolk: Caister Academic Press; 2005. 309 pages, ISBN 0-9542464-9-7

Authors: J Scott Cairns

Assessing the effect of HAART on change in quality of life among HIV-infected women

The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on health-related quality of life (QOL) of HIV-1 infected individuals in large prospective cohorts has not been well studied.

Authors: Chenglong Liu, Kathleen Weber, Esther Robison, Zheng Hu, Lisa P Jacobson and Stephen J Gange

Glutathione and growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthy and HIV infected subjects

Intracellular levels of glutathione are depleted in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in whom the risk of tuberculosis, particularly disseminated disease is many times that of healthy individual...

Authors: Vishwanath Venketaraman, Tatanisha Rodgers, Rafael Linares, Nancy Reilly, Shobha Swaminathan, David Hom, Ariel C Millman, Robert Wallis and Nancy D Connell

Phase I safety study of 0.5% PRO 2000 vaginal Gel among HIV un-infected women in Pune, India

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of twice daily, intra-vaginal use of 0.5% PRO 2000 Gel for fourteen days in HIV un-infected women at lower as well as higher risk for HIV acquisition, in ...

Authors: Joshi Smita, Dutta Soma, Bell Beverly, Profy Albert, Kuruc JoAnn, Gai Fang, Cianciola Missy, Soto-Torres Lydia, Panchanadikar Anjali, Risbud Arun, Mehendale Sanjay and Reynolds Steven J

Absence of seroreversion in 80 HAART-treated HIV-1 seropositive patients with at least five-years undetectable plasma HIV-1 viral load

Partial or complete seroreversion for HIV-1, or incomplete antibody evolution are relatively rare events that have so far only been described in patients treated with HAART early after virus infection. Whether...

Authors: Marion Cornelissen, Suzanne Jurriaans, Jan M Prins, Margreet Bakker and Antoinette C van der Kuyl

Expanding access to HIV prevention

Authors: Helene D Gayle

Review of "The Twelfth West Coast Retrovirus Meeting" and "The Twenty-third Annual Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS"

Two recent meetings held on the west coast of the USA highlighted current work being done in the field of retrovirology and AIDS. The meetings, "The Twelfth West Coast Retrovirus Meeting" (Palm Springs CA; Oct...

Authors: J Scott Cairns

Scutellaria baicalensis decreases ritonavir-induced nausea

Protease inhibitors, particularly ritonavir, causes significant gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, even at low doses. This ritonavir-induced nausea could be related to its oxidative stress in the gu...

Authors: Han Aung, Sangeeta Mehendale, Wei-Tien Chang, Chong-Zhi Wang, Jing-Tian Xie and Chun-Su Yuan

HIV in semen: Still more to be learned

Authors: Pietro L Vernazza

Barriers to the implementation of programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: A cross-sectional survey in rural and urban Uganda

Implementation of programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV faces a variety of barriers and challenges. The assessment of these challenges has generally been conducted in large...

Authors: Francis Bajunirwe and Michael Muzoora

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 episomal cDNA in semen

Episomal 2-long terminal repeat (LTR) HIV-1 cDNA, a by-product of HIV-1 infection, is used in clinical trials as a marker for ongoing viral replication. It would be useful to employ 2-LTR cDNA to monitor crypt...

Authors: Chong Xu, Joseph A Politch, Kenneth H Mayer and Deborah J Anderson

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations that confer decreased in vitro susceptibility to anti-RT DNA aptamer RT1t49 confer cross resistance to other anti-RT aptamers but not to standard RT inhibitors

RNA and DNA aptamers specific for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) can inhibit reverse transcription in vitro. RNA aptamers have been shown to potently block HIV-1 replication in culture. We previously reported m...

Authors: Timothy S Fisher, Pheroze Joshi and Vinayaka R Prasad

Assessment of HIV-1 entry inhibitors by MLV/HIV-1 pseudotyped vectors

Murine leukemia virus (MLV) vector particles can be pseudotyped with a truncated variant of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env) and selectively target gene transfer to human ...

Authors: Sandra Siegert, Sonja Thaler, Ralf Wagner and Barbara S Schnierle

Cerebrospinal fluid signs of neuronal damage after antiretroviral treatment interruption in HIV-1 infection

The neurofilament is a major structural component of myelinated axons. Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the light chain of the neurofilament protein (NFL) can serve as a sensitive indicato...

Authors: Magnus Gisslén, Lars Rosengren, Lars Hagberg, Steven G Deeks and Richard W Price

Evaluation of the proficiency of trained non-laboratory health staffs and laboratory technicians using a rapid and simple HIV antibody test

In Cambodia, nearly half of pregnant women attend antenatal care (ANC), which is an entry point of services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). However, most of ANC services are prov...

Authors: Koum Kanal, Thai Leang Chou, Ly Sovann, Yasuo Morikawa, Yumi Mukoyama and Kazuhiro Kakimoto

Vitamin supplementation for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and pre-term delivery: a systematic review of randomized trial including more than 2800 women

Observational studies have suggested that low serum vitamin levels are associated with increased mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and increased preterm delivery. We aimed to determine the efficacy of...

Authors: Edward J Mills, Ping Wu, Dugald Seely and Gordon H Guyatt

Clade, Country and Region-specific HIV-1 Vaccines: Are they necessary?

Today, scientists are often encouraged to custom-design vaccines based on a particular country or clade. Here, we review the scientific literature and then suggest that the overwhelming endeavor to produce a u...

Authors: Karen S Slobod, Chris Coleclough, Scott A Brown, John Stambas, Xiaoyan Zhan, Sherri Surman, Bart G Jones, Amy Zirkel, Pamela J Freiden, Brita Brown, Robert Sealy, Mattia Bonsignori and Julia L Hurwitz

Monitoring processed, mature Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 particles immediately following treatment with a protease inhibitor-containing treatment regimen

Protease inhibitors (PIs) block HIV-1 maturation into an infectious virus particle by inhibiting the protease processing of gag and gag-pol precursor proteins. We have used a simple anti-HIV-1 p24 Western blot...

Authors: Heather A Baird, Andre J Marozsan, Michael M Lederman, Alan Landay, Donna Mildvan, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Harold A Kessler and Eric J Arts

HIV-1 resistance conferred by siRNA cosuppression of CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptors by a bispecific lentiviral vector

RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has proved to be a highly effective gene silencing mechanism with great potential for HIV/AIDS gene therapy. Previous work with siRNAs agains...

Authors: Joseph Anderson and Ramesh Akkina

Lentiviral transduction of Tar Decoy and CCR5 ribozyme into CD34+ progenitor cells and derivation of HIV-1 resistant T cells and macrophages

RNA based antiviral approaches against HIV-1 are among the most promising for long-term gene therapy. These include ribozymes, aptamers (decoys), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Lentiviral vectors are ide...

Authors: Akhil Banerjea, Ming-Jie Li, Leila Remling, John Rossi and Ramesh Akkina

What does the marriage of Open Access with online publication bring?

Open Access online publishing is the trend of the future for unrestricted rapid and international dissemination of knowledge. Several journals are published on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) resear...

Authors: Kailash C Gupta