Articles

A frailty index predicts post-liver transplant morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive patients

We hypothesized that frailty acts as a measure of health outcomes in the context of LT. The aim of this study was to explore frailty index across LT, as a measure of morbidity and mortality. This was a retrosp...

Authors: Giovanni Guaraldi, Giovanni Dolci, Stefano Zona, Giuseppe Tarantino, Valentina Serra, Roberto Ballarin, Erica Franceschini, Mauro Codeluppi, Thomas D. Brothers, Cristina Mussini and Fabrizio Di Benedetto

High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly reduced HIV morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. However, the sustainability of cART may be compromised by the emergen...

Authors: Elizabeth M. Etta, Lufuno Mavhandu, Cecile Manhaeve, Keanan McGonigle, Patrick Jackson, David Rekosh, Marie-Louise Hammarskjold, Pascal O. Bessong and Denis M. Tebit

Bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a narrative review of the literature

Bone health status is largely absent in South Africa, the main reasons being the absence and cost-effectiveness of specific screening equipment for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). Various risk factors se...

Authors: M. J. Kruger and T. A. Nell

Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine in HIV-positive Spanish men who have sex with men (MSM)

Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine were evaluated in HIV-positive Spanish MSM. The prevalence of High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL) and genotypes of hig...

Authors: Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Jessica Ramírez-Taboada, Concepción Gil-Anguita, Javier Esquivias, Mohamed Omar-Mohamed-Balgahata, Antonio SamPedro, Miguel Lopez-Ruz and Juan Pasquau

Transition into adult care: factors associated with level of preparedness among adolescents living with HIV in Cambodia

Preparing adolescents for transition into adult care and supporting their acquisition of self-health care management skills is a critical determinant of their post-transition HIV care outcomes. However, there ...

Authors: Siyan Yi, Chanrith Ngin, Khuondyla Pal, Vohith Khol, Sovannary Tuot, Sokunmealiny Sau, Pheak Chhoun, Gitau Mburu, Sok Chamreun Choub, Kolab Chhim and Penhsun Ly

The therapeutic landscape of HIV-1 via genome editing

Current treatment for HIV-1 largely relies on chemotherapy through the administration of antiretroviral drugs. While the search for anti-HIV-1 vaccine remain elusive, the use of highly active antiretroviral th...

Authors: Alexander Kwarteng, Samuel Terkper Ahuno and Godwin Kwakye-Nuako

The dynamic changes of interferon lambdas related genes and proteins in JAK/STAT pathway in both acute and chronic HIV-1 infected patients

Host immune responses during acute HIV-1 infection can influence the viral setpoint, which is a predictor of disease progression. Interferon (IFN)-lambdas are newly classified type III interferons, which use J...

Authors: Guoxian Zhao, Lifeng Liu, Bin Su, Tong Zhang, Peng Chen, Wei Li and Hao Wu

Clinical characteristics, predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and long-term prognosis in patients with Kaposi sarcoma

To investigate the predictive factors for the development of Kaposi sarcoma-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (KS-IRIS) and long-term prognosis in patients starting combined antiretroviral th...

Authors: Patricia Volkow, Gabriela Cesarman-Maus, Pamela Garciadiego-Fossas, Enrique Rojas-Marin and Patricia Cornejo-Juárez

Erratum to: Hospital days attributable to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in persons living with HIV before and after the 2012 DHHS HIV guidelines

Authors: Peter Liu, Rebecca Dillingham and Kathleen A. McManus

The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use

There is growing evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on morbidity and mortality of individuals living with HIV but limited evidence of in utero effects of HIV and alcohol on exposure on infants.

Authors: Kirsten A. M. Donald, Anne Fernandez, Kasey Claborn, Caroline Kuo, Nastassja Koen, Heather Zar and Dan J. Stein

Factors associated with pre-treatment HIV RNA: application for the use of abacavir and rilpivirine as the first-line regimen for HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings

Abacavir and rilpivirine are alternative antiretroviral drugs for treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients. However, both drugs are only recommended for the patients who have pre-treatment HIV RNA <100,000 copies...

Authors: Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, David Boettiger, Oon Tek Ng, Nguyen Van Kinh, Tuti Parwati Merati, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Wing-Wai Wong, Man Po Lee, Romanee Chaiwarith, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Pacharee Kantipong, Fujie Zhang, Jun Yong Choi, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Rossana Ditangco, Do Duy Cuong…

COHORT PROFILE: The Complications of Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy study in Uganda (CoLTART), a prospective clinical cohort

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the survival and quality of life of HIV-positive individuals, but the effects of long-term ART use do eventually manifest. The Complications of Long-Term Antiretroviral Th...

Authors: Billy Nsubuga Mayanja, Ivan Kasamba, Jonathan Levin, Ivan Namakoola, Patrick Kazooba, Jackson Were, Pontiano Kaleebu and Paula Munderi

Hospital days attributable to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in persons living with HIV before and after the 2012 DHHS HIV guidelines

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) can manifest with initiation or reintroduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in persons living with HIV (PLWH). In 2012, updated United States treatment gui...

Authors: Peter Liu, Rebecca Dillingham and Kathleen A. McManus

Molecular diagnosis of central nervous system opportunistic infections and mortality in HIV-infected adults in Central China

CSF PCR is the standard diagnostic technique used in resource-rich settings to detect pathogens of the CNS infection. However, it is not currently used for routine CSF testing in China. Knowledge of CNS opport...

Authors: Rongrong Yang, Hong Zhang, Yong Xiong, Xien Gui, Yongxi Zhang, Liping Deng, Shicheng Gao, Mingqi Luo, Wei Hou and Deyin Guo

Factors associated with loss to follow-up after occupational HIV exposure in Cape Town, South Africa: a retrospective cohort study

There is limited data on factors associated with loss to follow-up (LTFU) of health care workers (HCWs) following occupational exposure to HIV, and most studies were conducted in an era when poorly tolerated a...

Authors: Nectarios Sophocles Papavarnavas, Kathryn Manning, Fahd Conrad, Milah Govender and Gary Maartens

What influences quality of life in older people living with HIV?

People with HIV with access to treatment are growing older and living healthier lives than in the past, and while health improvements and increased survival rates are welcome, the psychological and social cons...

Authors: Jose Catalan, Veronica Tuffrey, Damien Ridge and Dana Rosenfeld

Validity assessment of the PROMIS fatigue domain among people living with HIV

To evaluate psychometric characteristics and cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of the 7-item PROMIS^® Fatigue Short Form and additional fatigue items among people living with HIV (PLWH) in a nationally dis...

Authors: L. E. Gibbons, R. Fredericksen, D. S. Batey, L. Dant, T. C. Edwards, K. H. Mayer, W. C. Mathews, L. S. Morales, M. J. Mugavero, F. M. Yang, E. Paez, M. M. Kitahata, D. L. Patrick, H. M. Crane and P. K. Crane

Comparison of six methods to estimate adherence in an ART-naïve cohort in a resource-poor setting: which best predicts virological and resistance outcomes?

Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in virologic failure and resistance. It remains unclear which adherence measure best predicts these outcomes. We compared six patient-reported and o...

Authors: Catherine Orrell, Karen Cohen, Rory Leisegang, David R. Bangsberg, Robin Wood and Gary Maartens

Antiretroviral therapy supply chain quality control and assurance in improving people living with HIV therapeutic outcomes in Cameroon

Evaluation of medication efficacy and safety is an essential guarantee to successful therapeutic outcome in public health practices. However, larger distribution chain supply in developing countries such as Ca...

Authors: M. P. Ngogang Djobet, David Singhe, Julienne Lohoue, Christopher Kuaban, Jeanne Ngogang and Ernest Tambo

CLINICAL outcomes and loss to follow-up among people living with HIV participating in the NAMWEZA intervention in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a prospective cohort study

Psychosocial factors have been linked with loss to follow-up (LTFU) and clinical outcomes among people living with HIV (PLH), however little is known about the effect of psychosocial support on LTFU among PLH ...

Authors: Hellen N. Siril, Sylvia F. Kaaya, Mary Kay Smith Fawzi, Expeditho Mtisi, Magreat Somba, Japheth Kilewo, Ferdinand Mugusi, Anna Minja, Anna Kaale and Jim Todd

Barriers to uptake of early infant HIV testing in Zambia: the role of intimate partner violence and HIV status disclosure within couples

Early detection of pediatric HIV through uptake of infant HIV testing is critical for access to treatment and child survival. While structural barriers have been well described, a greater understanding of soci...

Authors: Karen M. Hampanda, Abigail M. Nimz and Lisa L. Abuogi

Determinants to antiretroviral treatment non-adherence among adult HIV/AIDS patients in northern Ethiopia

Adhering 95% and above of antiretroviral therapy reduces the rate of disease progression and death among people’s living human immunodeficiency virus. Though manifold factors have reported as determinant facto...

Authors: Berhe Beyene Gebrezgabher, Yigzaw Kebede, Melaku Kindie, Desalegn Tetemke, Mebrahtu Abay and Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw

Impaired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicative fitness in atypical viremic non-progressor individuals

Progression rates from initial HIV-1 infection to advanced AIDS vary significantly among infected individuals. A distinct subgroup of HIV-1-infected individuals—termed viremic non-progressors (VNP) or controll...

Authors: Jan Weber, Richard M. Gibson, Lenka Sácká, Dmytro Strunin, Jan Hodek, Jitka Weberová, Marcela Pávová, David J. Alouani, Robert Asaad, Benigno Rodriguez, Michael M. Lederman and Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu

Joint longitudinal data analysis in detecting determinants of CD4 cell count change and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, North-west Ethiopia (Amhara Region)

Adherence and CD4 cell count change measure the progression of the disease in HIV patients after the commencement of HAART. Lack of information about associated factors on adherence to HAART and CD4 cell count...

Authors: Awoke Seyoum, Principal Ndlovu and Zewotir Temesgen

Possible misdiagnosis of HIV associated lymphoma as tuberculosis among patients attending Uganda Cancer Institute

Early diagnosis of HIV associated lymphoma is challenging because the definitive diagnostic procedure of biopsy, requires skills and equipment that are not readily available. As a consequence, diagnosis may be...

Authors: Paul Buyego, Lydia Nakiyingi, Henry Ddungu, Stephen Walimbwa, Damalie Nalwanga, Steven J Reynolds and Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi

Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf powder on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected adults: a one sequence cross-over study

Moringa oleifera Lam., an herb commonly consumed by HIV-infected people on antiretroviral therapy, inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4, 1A2 and 2D6 activity in vitro; and may alter the pharma...

Authors: Tsitsi G. Monera-Penduka, Charles C. Maponga, Alan R. Wolfe, Lubbe Wiesner, Gene D. Morse and Charles F. B. Nhachi

Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patients in Cameroon

Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among HIV positive patients varies widely in different geographic regions. We undertook a study to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among HIV infected...

Authors: George Gachara, Tshifhiwa Magoro, Lufuno Mavhandu, Emmaculate Lum, Helen K. Kimbi, Roland N. Ndip and Pascal O. Bessong

HIV care in Yangon, Myanmar; successes, challenges and implications for policy

Approximately 0.8% of adults aged 18–49 in Myanmar are seropositive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Identifying the demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of people living with HIV (...

Authors: Ne Myo Aung, Josh Hanson, Tint Tint Kyi, Zaw Win Htet, David A. Cooper, Mark A. Boyd, Mar Mar Kyi and Htin Aung Saw

Distribution and fate of HIV-1 unintegrated DNA species: a comprehensive update

Reverse transcription of viral RNA and the subsequent integration of reverse transcripts are the classical early events of the HIV-1 life-cycle. Simultaneously, abundant unintegrated DNAs (uDNAs), are formed i...

Authors: Faysal Bin Hamid, Jinsun Kim and Cha-Gyun Shin

Late presentation increases risk and costs of non-infectious comorbidities in people with HIV: an Italian cost impact study

Late presentation (LP) at the time of HIV diagnosis is defined as presentation with AIDS whatever the CD4 cell count or with CD4 <350 cells/mm. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of non-in...

Authors: Giovanni Guaraldi, Stefano Zona, Marianna Menozzi, Thomas D. Brothers, Federica Carli, Chiara Stentarelli, Giovanni Dolci, Antonella Santoro, Ana Rita Domingues Da Silva, Elisa Rossi, Julian Falutz and Cristina Mussini

H1N1 influenza vaccination in HIV-infected women on effective antiretroviral treatment did not induce measurable antigen-driven proliferation of the HIV-1 proviral reservoir

Antigen-induced activation and proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells is hypothesized to be a mechanism of HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy. The objective of this study was to determine if prolifer...

Authors: Thor A. Wagner, Hannah C. Huang, Christen E. Salyer, Kelly M. Richardson, Adriana Weinberg, Sharon Nachman and Lisa M. Frenkel

Renal safety of lithium in HIV-infected patients established on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate containing antiretroviral therapy: analysis from a randomized placebo-controlled trial

The prevalence of bipolar disorder in HIV-infected patients is higher than the general population. Lithium is the most effective mood stabiliser, while tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is frequently used as...

Authors: Eric H. Decloedt, Maia Lesosky, Gary Maartens and John A. Joska

Immunological outcomes of Tenofovir versus Zidovudine-based regimens among people living with HIV/AIDS: a two years retrospective cohort study

Tenofovir (TDF) based regimen was reported to have better immunological outcomes. Unfortunately, there is limited information regarding the immunologic outcome associated with this regimen in Ethiopia, as its ...

Authors: Teshale Ayele, Habtemu Jarso and Girma Mamo

HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations and related risk factors among HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing treatment failure in Hebei Province, China

To understand HIV-1 drug resistance in 11 prefectures of Hebei Province, China, we implemented a cross-sectional HIV-1 molecular epidemiological survey.

Authors: Xinli Lu, Hongru Zhao, Yuqi Zhang, Wei Wang, Cuiying Zhao, Yan Li, Lin Ma, Ze Cui and Suliang Chen

Feasibility of antiretroviral treatment monitoring in the era of decentralized HIV care: a systematic review

Regular monitoring of HIV patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is required to ensure patient benefits and the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of ART programs. Prompted by WHO reco...

Authors: Minh D. Pham, Lorena Romero, Bruce Parnell, David A. Anderson, Suzanne M. Crowe and Stanley Luchters

Does antiretroviral treatment change HIV-1 codon usage patterns in its genes: a preliminary bioinformatics study

Codon usage bias has been described for various organisms and is thought to contribute to the regulation of numerous biological processes including viral infections. HIV-1 codon usage has been previously shown...

Authors: Navaneethan Palanisamy, Nathan Osman, Frédéric Ohnona, Hong-Tao Xu, Bluma Brenner, Thibault Mesplède and Mark A. Wainberg

Early virological failure and HIV drug resistance in Ugandan adults co-infected with tuberculosis

This cross-sectional study took place in the integrated tuberculosis (TB) clinic of a large outpatient clinic for HIV-infected patients in Kampala, Uganda. The purpose of this study was to describe the proport...

Authors: Amrei von Braun, Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Alexandra U. Scherrer, Brian Magambo, Andrew Kambugu, Jan Fehr and Barbara Castelnuovo

Integrated therapy for HIV and cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis has been one of the most common opportunistic infections and causes of mortality among HIV-infected patients, especially in resource-limited countries. Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common...

Authors: Sirawat Srichatrapimuk and Somnuek Sungkanuparph

Infection of rhesus macaques with a pool of simian immunodeficiency virus with the envelope genes from acute HIV-1 infections

New simian–human immunodeficiency chimeric viruses with an HIV-1 env (SHIVenv) are critical for studies on HIV pathogenesis, vaccine development, and microbicide testing. Macaques are typically exposed to sing...

Authors: Kendall C. Krebs, Meijuan Tian, Mohammed Asmal, Binhua Ling, Kenneth Nelson, Kenneth Henry, Richard Gibson, Yuejin Li, Weining Han, Robin J. Shattock, Ronald S. Veazey, Norman Letvin, Eric J. Arts and Yong Gao

Cases of antiretroviral-associated gynaecomastia reported to the National HIV & Tuberculosis Health Care Worker Hotline in South Africa

Gynaecomastia is associated with exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART), in particular efavirenz. There is limited data on clinical characteristics of patients with ART-associated gynaecomastia in resource-l...

Authors: Christine Njuguna, Annoesjka Swart, Marc Blockman, Gary Maartens, Briony Chisholm, Annemie Stewart, Anri Uys and Karen Cohen

HIV sero-discordance among married HIV patients initiating anti-retroviral therapy in northern Vietnam

In many countries in Asia, the HIV epidemic is in a concentrated phase, with high prevalence in certain risk groups, such as men who inject drugs. There is also a rapid increase of HIV among women. The latter ...

Authors: Vu Van Tam, Do Duy Cuong, Tobias Alfven, Ho Dang Phuc, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc, Nguyen Phuong Hoa, Vinod Diwan and Mattias Larsson

Trends in clinical characteristics and outcomes of Pre-ART care at a large HIV clinic in Nairobi, Kenya: a retrospective cohort study

The success of antiretroviral therapy in resource-scarce settings is an illustration that complex healthcare interventions can be successfully delivered even in fragile health systems. Documenting the success ...

Authors: Jared O. Mecha, Elizabeth N. Kubo, Lucy W. Nganga, Peter N. Muiruri, Lilian N. Njagi, Immaculate N. Mutisya, Justine J. Odionyi, Syokau C. Ilovi, Mary Wambui, Christopher Githu, Richard Ngethe, Elizabeth M. Obimbo and Zipporah W. Ngumi

Re-focusing HIV prevention messages: a qualitative study in rural Uganda

After 30 years, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains an epidemic of global concern. To support the increasing emphasis on biomedical interventions for prevention requires a renewed and reframed focus...

Authors: Sanyukta Mathur, Dina Romo, Mariko Rasmussen, Neema Nakyanjo, Fred Nalugoda and John S. Santelli

Quasi-Poisson versus negative binomial regression models in identifying factors affecting initial CD4 cell count change due to antiretroviral therapy administered to HIV-positive adults in North–West Ethiopia (Amhara region)

CD4 cells are a type of white blood cells that plays a significant role in protecting humans from infectious diseases. Lack of information on associated factors on CD4 cell count reduction is an obstacle for i...

Authors: Awoke Seyoum, Principal Ndlovu and Temesgen Zewotir

The HIV treatment cascade and care continuum: updates, goals, and recommendations for the future

The HIV care continuum is a framework that models the dynamic stages of HIV care. The continuum consists of five main steps, which, at the population level, are depicted cross-sectionally as the HIV treatment ...

Authors: Emma Sophia Kay, D. Scott Batey and Michael J. Mugavero

Current trends and intricacies in the management of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has undoubtedly increased the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) globally, posing a formidable global health challenge affecting 1.2 million cases. Pulmonary TB assumes ...

Authors: Narendran Gopalan, Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran, Soumya Swaminathan and Srikanth Tripathy

Targeting vulnerable populations: a synthetic review on alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour among migrant populations

Research has demonstrated a link between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour among different types of migrant populations. Therefore, research investigating risk factors associated with alcohol consumption ...

Authors: Emilia Maria Vaz Martins-Fonteyn, Nina Sommerland, Herman Meulemans, Olivier Degomme, Ines Raimundo and Edwin Wouters

Nutritional status and its effect on treatment outcome among HIV infected clients receiving HAART in Ethiopia: a cohort study

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nutritional status at the start of highly active anti-retroviral therapy on treatment outcomes among HIV/AIDS patients taking HAART at Jimma University Spe...

Authors: Sadikalmahdi Hussen, Tefera Belachew and Nezif Hussien

Stem cell transplantation in strategies for curing HIV/AIDS

HIV-1 can persist in a latent form in resting memory CD4+ cells and macrophages carrying an integrated copy of the HIV genome. Because of the presence of these stable reservoir cells, eradication by antiretrov...

Authors: Gero Hütter

Early infant diagnosis of HIV infection using DNA-PCR at a referral center: an 8 years retrospective analysis

Over the last decade, Ethiopia adopted different strategies of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Prior to implementation of Option A in 2011, there was no provision of prophylaxis for ...

Authors: Tolessa Olana, Tigist Bacha, Walelign Worku and Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse