Articles

Development of an HIV vaccine using a vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing designer HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to enhance humoral responses

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), like many other Rhabdoviruses, have become the focus of intense research over the past couple of decades based on their suitability as vaccine vectors, transient gene delivery...

Authors: Trina Racine, Gary P. Kobinger and Eric J. Arts

HIV vaccine research in Canada

Authors: Robin Shattock

HIV-I Nef inhibitors: a novel class of HIV-specific immune adjuvants in support of a cure

The success of many current vaccines relies on a formulation that incorporates an immune activating adjuvant. This will hold true for the design of a successful therapeutic HIV vaccine targeted at controlling ...

Authors: Gregory A. Dekaban and Jimmy D. Dikeakos

A novel HIV vaccine targeting the protease cleavage sites

HIV preferentially infects activated CD4+ T cells and mutates rapidly. The classical vaccine approach aimed to generate broad immune responses to full HIV proteins largely failed to address the potential adver...

Authors: Hongzhao Li, Robert W. Omange, Francis A. Plummer and Ma Luo

The biology of how circumcision reduces HIV susceptibility: broader implications for the prevention field

Circumcision reduces heterosexual HIV-1 acquisition in men by at least 60%. However, the biological mechanisms by which circumcision is protective remain incompletely understood. We test the hypothesis that th...

Authors: Jessica L. Prodger and Rupert Kaul

Potential contribution of gut microbiota and systemic inflammation on HIV vaccine effectiveness and vaccine design

The quest for an effective HIV-1 vaccine began as soon as the virus causing AIDS was identified. After several disappointing attempts, results of the Phase-III RV144 trial in Thailand were a beacon of hope for...

Authors: Jean-Pierre Routy and Vikram Mehraj

Killed whole-HIV vaccine; employing a well established strategy for antiviral vaccines

The development of an efficient prophylactic HIV vaccine has been one of the major challenges in infectious disease research during the last three decades. Here, we present a mini review on strategies employed...

Authors: C. Yong Kang and Yong Gao

Eradication of HIV-1 latent reservoirs through therapeutic vaccination

Despite the significant success of combination anti-retroviral therapy to reduce HIV viremia and save lives, HIV-1 infection remains a lifelong infection that must be appropriately managed. Advances in the und...

Authors: Joshua Pankrac, Katja Klein and Jamie F. S. Mann

Development of targeted adjuvants for HIV-1 vaccines

Finding new adjuvants is an integrated component of the efforts in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Compared with traditional adjuvants, a modern adjuvant in the context of HIV-1 prevention would elicit ...

Authors: Jun Liu and Mario Ostrowski

Unlocking HIV-1 Env: implications for antibody attack

Collective evidence supporting a role of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) in controlling HIV-1 transmission and disease progression emerged in the last few years. Non-neutralizing antibodie...

Authors: Jonathan Richard, Shilei Ding and Andrés Finzi

Modulation of the strength and character of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses with heteroclitic peptides

Chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cell dysfunction and exhaustion. The strong association between non-progression and maintenance of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cell cyt...

Authors: Kayla A. Holder and Michael D. Grant

RNA flow cytometric FISH for investigations into HIV immunology, vaccination and cure strategies

Despite the tremendous success of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) no current treatment can eradicate latent HIV reservoirs from HIV-infected individuals or generate, effective HIV-specific immunity. Technologica...

Authors: Amy E. Baxter, Julia Niessl, Antigoni Morou and Daniel E. Kaufmann

Natural killer (NK) cell receptor-HLA ligand genotype combinations associated with protection from HIV infection: investigation of how protective genotypes influence anti HIV NK cell functions

The anti-HIV activity of natural killer (NK) cells could be induced fast enough to potentially prevent the establishment of HIV infection. Epidemiological studies identified two genotypes encoding NK receptors...

Authors: Nicole F. Bernard

Factors affecting affect cardiovascular health in Indonesian HIV patients beginning ART

We present a small longitudinal study of how demographic factors and persistent burdens of HIV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) influence cardiovascular health in young adults beginning ART in an inner-city clinic in...

Authors: Birry Karim, Ika Praseya Wijaya, Rizky Rahmaniyah, Ibnu Ariyanto, Shelley Waters, Riwanti Estiasari and Patricia Price

A frailty index predicts post-liver transplant morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive patients

We hypothesized that frailty acts as a measure of health outcomes in the context of LT. The aim of this study was to explore frailty index across LT, as a measure of morbidity and mortality. This was a retrosp...

Authors: Giovanni Guaraldi, Giovanni Dolci, Stefano Zona, Giuseppe Tarantino, Valentina Serra, Roberto Ballarin, Erica Franceschini, Mauro Codeluppi, Thomas D. Brothers, Cristina Mussini and Fabrizio Di Benedetto

High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly reduced HIV morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. However, the sustainability of cART may be compromised by the emergen...

Authors: Elizabeth M. Etta, Lufuno Mavhandu, Cecile Manhaeve, Keanan McGonigle, Patrick Jackson, David Rekosh, Marie-Louise Hammarskjold, Pascal O. Bessong and Denis M. Tebit

Bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a narrative review of the literature

Bone health status is largely absent in South Africa, the main reasons being the absence and cost-effectiveness of specific screening equipment for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). Various risk factors se...

Authors: M. J. Kruger and T. A. Nell

Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine in HIV-positive Spanish men who have sex with men (MSM)

Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine were evaluated in HIV-positive Spanish MSM. The prevalence of High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL) and genotypes of hig...

Authors: Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Jessica Ramírez-Taboada, Concepción Gil-Anguita, Javier Esquivias, Mohamed Omar-Mohamed-Balgahata, Antonio SamPedro, Miguel Lopez-Ruz and Juan Pasquau

Transition into adult care: factors associated with level of preparedness among adolescents living with HIV in Cambodia

Preparing adolescents for transition into adult care and supporting their acquisition of self-health care management skills is a critical determinant of their post-transition HIV care outcomes. However, there ...

Authors: Siyan Yi, Chanrith Ngin, Khuondyla Pal, Vohith Khol, Sovannary Tuot, Sokunmealiny Sau, Pheak Chhoun, Gitau Mburu, Sok Chamreun Choub, Kolab Chhim and Penhsun Ly

The therapeutic landscape of HIV-1 via genome editing

Current treatment for HIV-1 largely relies on chemotherapy through the administration of antiretroviral drugs. While the search for anti-HIV-1 vaccine remain elusive, the use of highly active antiretroviral th...

Authors: Alexander Kwarteng, Samuel Terkper Ahuno and Godwin Kwakye-Nuako

The dynamic changes of interferon lambdas related genes and proteins in JAK/STAT pathway in both acute and chronic HIV-1 infected patients

Host immune responses during acute HIV-1 infection can influence the viral setpoint, which is a predictor of disease progression. Interferon (IFN)-lambdas are newly classified type III interferons, which use J...

Authors: Guoxian Zhao, Lifeng Liu, Bin Su, Tong Zhang, Peng Chen, Wei Li and Hao Wu

Clinical characteristics, predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and long-term prognosis in patients with Kaposi sarcoma

To investigate the predictive factors for the development of Kaposi sarcoma-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (KS-IRIS) and long-term prognosis in patients starting combined antiretroviral th...

Authors: Patricia Volkow, Gabriela Cesarman-Maus, Pamela Garciadiego-Fossas, Enrique Rojas-Marin and Patricia Cornejo-Juárez

Erratum to: Hospital days attributable to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in persons living with HIV before and after the 2012 DHHS HIV guidelines

Authors: Peter Liu, Rebecca Dillingham and Kathleen A. McManus

The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use

There is growing evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on morbidity and mortality of individuals living with HIV but limited evidence of in utero effects of HIV and alcohol on exposure on infants.

Authors: Kirsten A. M. Donald, Anne Fernandez, Kasey Claborn, Caroline Kuo, Nastassja Koen, Heather Zar and Dan J. Stein

Factors associated with pre-treatment HIV RNA: application for the use of abacavir and rilpivirine as the first-line regimen for HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings

Abacavir and rilpivirine are alternative antiretroviral drugs for treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients. However, both drugs are only recommended for the patients who have pre-treatment HIV RNA <100,000 copies...

Authors: Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, David Boettiger, Oon Tek Ng, Nguyen Van Kinh, Tuti Parwati Merati, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Wing-Wai Wong, Man Po Lee, Romanee Chaiwarith, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Pacharee Kantipong, Fujie Zhang, Jun Yong Choi, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Rossana Ditangco, Do Duy Cuong…

COHORT PROFILE: The Complications of Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy study in Uganda (CoLTART), a prospective clinical cohort

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the survival and quality of life of HIV-positive individuals, but the effects of long-term ART use do eventually manifest. The Complications of Long-Term Antiretroviral Th...

Authors: Billy Nsubuga Mayanja, Ivan Kasamba, Jonathan Levin, Ivan Namakoola, Patrick Kazooba, Jackson Were, Pontiano Kaleebu and Paula Munderi

Hospital days attributable to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in persons living with HIV before and after the 2012 DHHS HIV guidelines

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) can manifest with initiation or reintroduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in persons living with HIV (PLWH). In 2012, updated United States treatment gui...

Authors: Peter Liu, Rebecca Dillingham and Kathleen A. McManus

Molecular diagnosis of central nervous system opportunistic infections and mortality in HIV-infected adults in Central China

CSF PCR is the standard diagnostic technique used in resource-rich settings to detect pathogens of the CNS infection. However, it is not currently used for routine CSF testing in China. Knowledge of CNS opport...

Authors: Rongrong Yang, Hong Zhang, Yong Xiong, Xien Gui, Yongxi Zhang, Liping Deng, Shicheng Gao, Mingqi Luo, Wei Hou and Deyin Guo

Factors associated with loss to follow-up after occupational HIV exposure in Cape Town, South Africa: a retrospective cohort study

There is limited data on factors associated with loss to follow-up (LTFU) of health care workers (HCWs) following occupational exposure to HIV, and most studies were conducted in an era when poorly tolerated a...

Authors: Nectarios Sophocles Papavarnavas, Kathryn Manning, Fahd Conrad, Milah Govender and Gary Maartens

What influences quality of life in older people living with HIV?

People with HIV with access to treatment are growing older and living healthier lives than in the past, and while health improvements and increased survival rates are welcome, the psychological and social cons...

Authors: Jose Catalan, Veronica Tuffrey, Damien Ridge and Dana Rosenfeld

Validity assessment of the PROMIS fatigue domain among people living with HIV

To evaluate psychometric characteristics and cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of the 7-item PROMIS^® Fatigue Short Form and additional fatigue items among people living with HIV (PLWH) in a nationally dis...

Authors: L. E. Gibbons, R. Fredericksen, D. S. Batey, L. Dant, T. C. Edwards, K. H. Mayer, W. C. Mathews, L. S. Morales, M. J. Mugavero, F. M. Yang, E. Paez, M. M. Kitahata, D. L. Patrick, H. M. Crane and P. K. Crane

Comparison of six methods to estimate adherence in an ART-naïve cohort in a resource-poor setting: which best predicts virological and resistance outcomes?

Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in virologic failure and resistance. It remains unclear which adherence measure best predicts these outcomes. We compared six patient-reported and o...

Authors: Catherine Orrell, Karen Cohen, Rory Leisegang, David R. Bangsberg, Robin Wood and Gary Maartens

Antiretroviral therapy supply chain quality control and assurance in improving people living with HIV therapeutic outcomes in Cameroon

Evaluation of medication efficacy and safety is an essential guarantee to successful therapeutic outcome in public health practices. However, larger distribution chain supply in developing countries such as Ca...

Authors: M. P. Ngogang Djobet, David Singhe, Julienne Lohoue, Christopher Kuaban, Jeanne Ngogang and Ernest Tambo

CLINICAL outcomes and loss to follow-up among people living with HIV participating in the NAMWEZA intervention in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a prospective cohort study

Psychosocial factors have been linked with loss to follow-up (LTFU) and clinical outcomes among people living with HIV (PLH), however little is known about the effect of psychosocial support on LTFU among PLH ...

Authors: Hellen N. Siril, Sylvia F. Kaaya, Mary Kay Smith Fawzi, Expeditho Mtisi, Magreat Somba, Japheth Kilewo, Ferdinand Mugusi, Anna Minja, Anna Kaale and Jim Todd

Barriers to uptake of early infant HIV testing in Zambia: the role of intimate partner violence and HIV status disclosure within couples

Early detection of pediatric HIV through uptake of infant HIV testing is critical for access to treatment and child survival. While structural barriers have been well described, a greater understanding of soci...

Authors: Karen M. Hampanda, Abigail M. Nimz and Lisa L. Abuogi

Determinants to antiretroviral treatment non-adherence among adult HIV/AIDS patients in northern Ethiopia

Adhering 95% and above of antiretroviral therapy reduces the rate of disease progression and death among people’s living human immunodeficiency virus. Though manifold factors have reported as determinant facto...

Authors: Berhe Beyene Gebrezgabher, Yigzaw Kebede, Melaku Kindie, Desalegn Tetemke, Mebrahtu Abay and Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw

Impaired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicative fitness in atypical viremic non-progressor individuals

Progression rates from initial HIV-1 infection to advanced AIDS vary significantly among infected individuals. A distinct subgroup of HIV-1-infected individuals—termed viremic non-progressors (VNP) or controll...

Authors: Jan Weber, Richard M. Gibson, Lenka Sácká, Dmytro Strunin, Jan Hodek, Jitka Weberová, Marcela Pávová, David J. Alouani, Robert Asaad, Benigno Rodriguez, Michael M. Lederman and Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu

Joint longitudinal data analysis in detecting determinants of CD4 cell count change and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, North-west Ethiopia (Amhara Region)

Adherence and CD4 cell count change measure the progression of the disease in HIV patients after the commencement of HAART. Lack of information about associated factors on adherence to HAART and CD4 cell count...

Authors: Awoke Seyoum, Principal Ndlovu and Zewotir Temesgen

Possible misdiagnosis of HIV associated lymphoma as tuberculosis among patients attending Uganda Cancer Institute

Early diagnosis of HIV associated lymphoma is challenging because the definitive diagnostic procedure of biopsy, requires skills and equipment that are not readily available. As a consequence, diagnosis may be...

Authors: Paul Buyego, Lydia Nakiyingi, Henry Ddungu, Stephen Walimbwa, Damalie Nalwanga, Steven J Reynolds and Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi

Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf powder on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected adults: a one sequence cross-over study

Moringa oleifera Lam., an herb commonly consumed by HIV-infected people on antiretroviral therapy, inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4, 1A2 and 2D6 activity in vitro; and may alter the pharma...

Authors: Tsitsi G. Monera-Penduka, Charles C. Maponga, Alan R. Wolfe, Lubbe Wiesner, Gene D. Morse and Charles F. B. Nhachi

Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patients in Cameroon

Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among HIV positive patients varies widely in different geographic regions. We undertook a study to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among HIV infected...

Authors: George Gachara, Tshifhiwa Magoro, Lufuno Mavhandu, Emmaculate Lum, Helen K. Kimbi, Roland N. Ndip and Pascal O. Bessong

HIV care in Yangon, Myanmar; successes, challenges and implications for policy

Approximately 0.8% of adults aged 18–49 in Myanmar are seropositive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Identifying the demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of people living with HIV (...

Authors: Ne Myo Aung, Josh Hanson, Tint Tint Kyi, Zaw Win Htet, David A. Cooper, Mark A. Boyd, Mar Mar Kyi and Htin Aung Saw

Distribution and fate of HIV-1 unintegrated DNA species: a comprehensive update

Reverse transcription of viral RNA and the subsequent integration of reverse transcripts are the classical early events of the HIV-1 life-cycle. Simultaneously, abundant unintegrated DNAs (uDNAs), are formed i...

Authors: Faysal Bin Hamid, Jinsun Kim and Cha-Gyun Shin

Late presentation increases risk and costs of non-infectious comorbidities in people with HIV: an Italian cost impact study

Late presentation (LP) at the time of HIV diagnosis is defined as presentation with AIDS whatever the CD4 cell count or with CD4 <350 cells/mm. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of non-in...

Authors: Giovanni Guaraldi, Stefano Zona, Marianna Menozzi, Thomas D. Brothers, Federica Carli, Chiara Stentarelli, Giovanni Dolci, Antonella Santoro, Ana Rita Domingues Da Silva, Elisa Rossi, Julian Falutz and Cristina Mussini

H1N1 influenza vaccination in HIV-infected women on effective antiretroviral treatment did not induce measurable antigen-driven proliferation of the HIV-1 proviral reservoir

Antigen-induced activation and proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells is hypothesized to be a mechanism of HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy. The objective of this study was to determine if prolifer...

Authors: Thor A. Wagner, Hannah C. Huang, Christen E. Salyer, Kelly M. Richardson, Adriana Weinberg, Sharon Nachman and Lisa M. Frenkel

Renal safety of lithium in HIV-infected patients established on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate containing antiretroviral therapy: analysis from a randomized placebo-controlled trial

The prevalence of bipolar disorder in HIV-infected patients is higher than the general population. Lithium is the most effective mood stabiliser, while tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is frequently used as...

Authors: Eric H. Decloedt, Maia Lesosky, Gary Maartens and John A. Joska

Immunological outcomes of Tenofovir versus Zidovudine-based regimens among people living with HIV/AIDS: a two years retrospective cohort study

Tenofovir (TDF) based regimen was reported to have better immunological outcomes. Unfortunately, there is limited information regarding the immunologic outcome associated with this regimen in Ethiopia, as its ...

Authors: Teshale Ayele, Habtemu Jarso and Girma Mamo

HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations and related risk factors among HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing treatment failure in Hebei Province, China

To understand HIV-1 drug resistance in 11 prefectures of Hebei Province, China, we implemented a cross-sectional HIV-1 molecular epidemiological survey.

Authors: Xinli Lu, Hongru Zhao, Yuqi Zhang, Wei Wang, Cuiying Zhao, Yan Li, Lin Ma, Ze Cui and Suliang Chen

Feasibility of antiretroviral treatment monitoring in the era of decentralized HIV care: a systematic review

Regular monitoring of HIV patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is required to ensure patient benefits and the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of ART programs. Prompted by WHO reco...

Authors: Minh D. Pham, Lorena Romero, Bruce Parnell, David A. Anderson, Suzanne M. Crowe and Stanley Luchters

Does antiretroviral treatment change HIV-1 codon usage patterns in its genes: a preliminary bioinformatics study

Codon usage bias has been described for various organisms and is thought to contribute to the regulation of numerous biological processes including viral infections. HIV-1 codon usage has been previously shown...

Authors: Navaneethan Palanisamy, Nathan Osman, Frédéric Ohnona, Hong-Tao Xu, Bluma Brenner, Thibault Mesplède and Mark A. Wainberg