Table 4 HIV-HBV, and HIV-HCV coinfections and their association with HIV viral load suppression among HIV-1 infected patients on ART at Mekelle Hospital in northern Ethiopia in the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (n = 439)
Variables | Current HIV-1 Viral Load Level | COR (95% CI) | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 < 1000 cps/ml* ( n = 396) |  > 1000 cps/ml (n = 43) | |||||
HBV status | ||||||
 Negative | 356 (90.1) | 39 (9.9) | Ref |  | – | – |
 Positive | 40 (90.9) | 4 (9.1) | 0.91 (0.31–2.68) | 0.86 | – | – |
HCV status | ||||||
 Negative | 387 (91.5) | 36 (8.5) | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Positive | 9 (56.2) | 7 (43.8) | 8.36 (2.9–23.7) |  < 0.0001 | 7.14 (2.18–23.3) | 0.001 |
Gender | ||||||
 Female | 262 (92.3) | 22 (7.7) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Male | 134 (86.5) | 21 (13.5) | 1.86 (0.99–3.51) | 0.053 | 2.11 (1.07–4.18) | 0.31 |
Baseline CD4 count in cells/ul | ||||||
  < 200 | 40 (10.1) | 11 (25.6) | 0.75 (.25–2.27) | 0.61 | 0.77 (0.03–18.68) | 0.87 |
 201–500 | 197 (49.7) | 14 ( 32.6) | 2.91 (1.03–8.17) | 0.04 | 3.32 (0.13–83.7) | 0.46 |
≥ 501 | 130 (32.8) | 12(27.9) | 2.24 (0.77–6.46) | 0.14 | 2.53 (0.09–64.4) | 0. 57 |
 Test and treat | 29 (7.3) | 6 (14.0) | Ref |  | Ref |  |
Baseline HIV-1 viral load | ||||||
  < 1000cps/ml | 368 (97.6) | 9 (2.4) | Ref |  | Ref |  |
≥ 1000cps/ml | 28 (45.1) | 34 (54.9) | 49.65 (21.67–113.7) |  < 0.0001 | 52.6 (23.84–116.5) | 0.001 |
Current ART adherence level | ||||||
 Poor | 28 (82.4) | 6 (17.6) | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Fair | 71(89.9) | 8 (10.1) | 0.53 (0.16–1.65) | 0.27 | 0.63 (0.19–1.87) | 0.29 |
 Good | 297 (91.1) | 29 (8.9) | 0.46 (0.17–1.19) | 0.11 | 0.57 (0.21–2.23) | 0.16 |