A pilot pragmatic trial of a “what matters most”-based intervention targeting intersectional stigma related to being pregnant and living with HIV in Botswana

Table 4 Exploratory infant birth outcomes of the Moving Mothers towards Empowerment trial

Measurement	Control			Intervention			Difference between groups			Effect size
Measurement	n	Mean	Median	n	Mean	Median	Mean	Median	p-value^a	Cohen’s d^b	95% CI
Birth weight (overall, grams)	12	2913.3	2877.5	32	3234.7	3115.0	321.4	237.5	0.03	0.65	− 0.04	1.32
Males (grams)^	7	3070.7	3000	13	3145.8	3035	75.1	35.0	0.86	0.20	− 0.72	1.12
Females (grams)^	4	2783.8	2767.5	12	3362.5	3370	578.7	602.5	0.03	0.89	− 0.31	2.05
Gestational age (overall, weeks)	12	38.2	38.0	32	39.7	40.0	1.5	2.0	0.01	1.05	0.34	1.74
Males (weeks)^	7	38.6	38.0	13	39.7	40.0	1.1	2.0	0.26	0.64	− 0.31	1.58
Females (weeks)^	4	38.0	38.0	12	39.7	40.0	1.7	2.0	0.10	1.21	− 0.03	2.40
Weight-for-gestational age (z-score)^^&	11	− 0.45	− 0.51	25	− 0.16	− 0.06	0.29	0.45	0.38	0.24	− 0.47	0.95
Males (z-score)^	7	− 0.34	− 0.26	13	− 0.51	− 0.26	− 0.17	0.0	0.66	− 0.21	− 1.13	0.72
Females (z-score)^	4	− 0.64	− 0.58	12	0.22	0.21	0.86	0.79	0.10	0.59	− 0.57	1.74
APGAR 1 min	12	8.8	9.0	28	8.7	9.0	− 0.1	0.0	0.61	− 0.31	− 0.98	0.38
Males^	7	9.0	9.0	10	9.0	9.0	0	0	0.99	–	–	–
Females^	4	8.5	8.5	11	8.6	9.0	0.1	0.5	0.99	0.26	− 0.89	1.40
APGAR 5 min	12	9.8	10.0	28	9.6	10.0	− 0.2	0.0	0.82	− 0.20	− 0.88	0.48
Males^	7	9.9	10.0	10	10.0	10.0	0.1	0	0.82	0.60	− 0.40	1.58
Females^	4	9.5	9.5	11	9.5	10.0	0	0.5	0.99	0.08	− 1.06	1.23

Data presented are on singletons only (i.e., two sets of twins were excluded from these analyses). Additional overall infant characteristics are presented in Additional file 1
^ap-values are based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test using exact probabilities (instead of normal approximation)
^bCalculated using groups’ means from a single time point (i.e., at birth)
^Among singletons with documented sex
^&Sex and birthweight standardized z-scores determined from study biometry using INTERGROWTH-21st standards, accessed 8 May 2022 from URL: http://intergrowth21.ndog.ox.ac.uk/

ISSN: 1742-6405