Table 1 Characteristics of 664 virally suppressed and non-suppressed PLHIV on ART in Guatemala
From: Factors associated with viremia in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Guatemala
Variable | Total (664) | Viral Suppression (576) | Viral Non-suppression (88) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years (IQR) | 39 [32, 48] | 40 [33, 48] | 37.5 [34.5,44.5] | 0.512 |
Male n (%) | 356 (53.6%) | 305 (53%) | 51 (58%) | 0.381 |
Sexual orientation n (%) | 653 (98.3%) | 0.016 | ||
MSM | 112 (16.9%) | 105 (18%) | 7 (8%) | |
Bisexual | 48 (7.2%) | 38 (7%) | 10 (11%) | |
Heterosexual | 493 (74.2%) | 425 (74%) | 68 (77%) | |
Non-indigenous ethnicity n (%) | 565 (85.1%) | 488 (85%) | 77 (88%) | 0.496 |
Years of education (IQR) | 6 [3, 11] | 7 [3, 11] | 6 [4, 9] | 0.164 |
Individual monthly incomeb (IQR) | 150 [0.375] | 182 [0.389] | 51 [0.318] | 0.058 |
Working status | 441 (66.4%) | 391 (67.0%) | 50 (56.8%) | 0.052 |
Home owner n (%) | 422 (63.6%) | 362 (63%) | 60 (68%) | 0.333 |
Lack of access to basic utilities n (%) | 80 (12.0%) | 67 (12%) | 13 (15%) | 0.399 |
Smoking n (%) | 77 (11.6%) | 60 (10%) | 17 (19%) | 0.015 |
Excessive alcohol consumption n (%) | 65 (9.8%) | 51 (9%) | 14 (16%) | 0.038 |
Prior illicit drug use n (%) | 70 (10.5%) | 57 (10%) | 13 (15%) | 0.165 |
Travel time to healthcare in minutes (IQR) | 90 [60, 150] | 90 [45,150] | 90 [60,180] | 0.395 |
Borrows money for transport to care n (%) | 211 (31.8%) | 180 (31%) | 31 (35%) | 0.455 |
Round-trip travel costb (IQR) | 2.5 [1.25, 7.5] | 2.27 [1.3,6.49] | 2.66 [1.04,8.04] | 0.741 |
Perceived difficulty attending healthcare n (%) | 258 (38.9%) | 210 (37%) | 48 (55%) | 0.001 |
Participants with comorbidities n (%) | 408 (61.4%) | 363 (63%) | 45 (51%) | |
Dyslipidemia | 298 (44.9%) | 293 (44%) | 5 (5%) | |
Hypertension | 59 (8.9%) | 53 (9%) | 6 (7%) | 0.030 |
Diabetes | 36 (5.4%) | 32 (5.6%) | 4 (4.5%) | |
Past AIDS-defining illness n (%) | 221 (33.3%) | 178 (31%) | 43 (49%) | 0.001 |
Current tuberculosis diagnosis | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (0.2%) | 2 (2.3%) | |
CD4 count at diagnosis (IQR) | 174 [57, 341] | 178 [55,346] | 58 [24.5,145.5] | 0.000 |
Treatment interruptions ≥ seven days n (%) | 42 (6.3%) | 26 (5%) | 16 (18%) | 0.000 |
Multiple prior ART regimens n (%) | 105 (15.8%) | 74 (13%) | 31 (35%) | 0.000 |
Multiple-daily dosing n (%) | 181 (27.2%) | 142 (25%) | 39 (44%) | 0.001 |
Integrase inhibitor-based regimen n (%) | 234 (35.2%) | 196 (34%) | 38 (43%) | 0.094 |