| |
Overall (n = 1017)
|
Recent HIV testing
|
Recent HCV testing
|
|---|
|
No HIV test for > 6 months (n = 96)
|
Tested for HIV < 6 months ago (n = 921)
|
p
|
No HCV test for > 6 months (n = 488)
|
Tested for HCV < 6 months ago (n = 513)
|
p
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
0.008
| | |
0.16
|
|
< 25
|
96 (9.4%)
|
16 (16.7%)
|
80 (8.7%)
| |
51 (10.5%)
|
45 (8.8%)
| |
|
25–35
|
496 (48.8%)
|
51 (53.1%)
|
445 (48.3%)
| |
223 (45.7%)
|
265 (51.7%)
| |
|
> 35
|
425 (41.8%)
|
29 (30.2%)
|
396 (43.0%)
| |
214 (43.9%)
|
203 (39.6%)
| |
|
Gender identity
|
0.075
| | |
0.17
|
|
Cisgender man
|
1002 (98.5%)
|
93 (96.9%)
|
909 (98.7%)
| |
484 (99.2%)
|
503 (98.1%)
| |
|
Transgender man
|
1 (0.1%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
1 (0.1%)
| |
0 (0.0%)
|
1 (0.2%)
| |
|
Transgender woman
|
1 (0.1%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
1 (0.1%)
| |
1 (0.2%)
|
0 (0.0%)
| |
|
Non-binary
|
5 (0.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
5 (0.5%)
| |
0 (0.0%)
|
5 (1.0%)
| |
|
Gender queer
|
1 (0.1%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
1 (0.1%)
| |
0 (0.0%)
|
1 (0.2%)
| |
|
Missing/unknown
|
7 (0.7%)
|
3 (0.3%)
|
4 (0.4%)
| |
3 (0.6%)
|
3 (0.6%)
| |
|
Sexual orientation
|
< 0.001
| | |
0.037
|
|
Homosexual
|
936 (92.0%)
|
86 (89.6%)
|
850 (92.3%)
| |
447 (91.6%)
|
475 (92.6%)
| |
|
Bisexual
|
48 (4.7%)
|
6 (6.3%)
|
42 (4.6%)
| |
28 (5.7%)
|
19 (3.7%)
| |
|
Heterosexual
|
1 (0.1%)
|
1 (1.0%)
|
0 (0.0%)
| |
1 (0.2%)
|
0 (0.0%)
| |
|
Other or no label
|
23 (2.3)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
23 (2.5%)
| |
6 (1.2%)
|
17 (3.3%)
| |
|
Missing/unknown
|
9 (0.9%)
|
3 (3.1%)
|
6 (0.7%)
| |
6 (1.2%)
|
2 (0.4%)
| |
|
Education level
|
< 0.001
| | |
0.60
|
|
Less than secondary
|
199 (19.6%)
|
25 (26.0%)
|
174 (18.9%)
| |
102 (20.9%)
|
94 (18.3%)
| |
|
Secondary school
|
283 (27.8%)
|
40 (41.7%)
|
243 (26.4%)
| |
137 (28.1%)
|
143 (27.9%)
| |
|
Undergraduate
|
171 (16.8%)
|
11 (11.5%)
|
160 (17.4%)
| |
85 (17.4%)
|
85 (16.6%)
| |
|
Master’s or doctorate
|
364 (35.8%)
|
20 (20.8%)
|
344 (37.4%)
| |
164 (33.6%)
|
191 (37.2%)
| |
|
Marital status
|
0.71
| | |
0.024
|
|
Single/never married
|
624 (61.4%)
|
63 (65.6%)
|
561 (60.9%)
| |
282 (57.8%)
|
334 (65.1%)
| |
|
Married
|
120 (11.8%)
|
8 (8.3%)
|
112 (12.2%)
| |
57 (11.7%)
|
60 (11.7%)
| |
|
Cohabitating
|
195 (19.2%)
|
17 (17.3%)
|
178 (19.3%)
| |
104 (21.3%)
|
86 (16.8%)
| |
|
Separated/widowed
|
73 (7.2%)
|
7 (7.3%)
|
66 (7.2%)
| |
40 (8.2%)
|
33 (6.4%)
| |
|
Other/unknown
|
5 (0.5%)
|
1 (1.0%)
|
4 (0.4%)
| |
5 (1.0%)
|
0 (0.0%)
| |
|
Self-perceived HIV riska
|
0.001
| | |
0.32
|
|
None/small
|
438 (43.1%)
|
36 (37.5%)
|
402 (43.6%)
| |
197 (40.4%)
|
235 (45.8%)
| |
|
Some
|
357 (35.1%)
|
37 (38.5%)
|
320 (34.7%)
| |
184 (37.7%)
|
170 (33.1%)
| |
|
Large/very large
|
217 (21.3%)
|
20 (20.8%)
|
197 (21.4%)
| |
104 (21.3%)
|
106 (20.7%)
| |
|
Missing/unknown
|
5 (0.5%)
|
3 (3.1%)
|
2 (0.2%)
| |
3 (0.6%)
|
2 (0.4%)
| |
|
Illicit drug use in lifetime
|
0.009
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
No
|
327 (32.2%)
|
34 (35.4%)
|
293 (31.8%)
| |
171 (35.0%)
|
155 (30.2%)
| |
|
Yes
|
668 (65.7%)
|
56 (58.3%)
|
612 (66.4%)
| |
297 (60.9%)
|
356 (69.4%)
| |
|
Missing/unknown
|
22 (2.2%)
|
6 (6.3%)
|
16 (1.7%)
| |
20 (4.1%)
|
2 (0.4%)
| |
|
Binge drinking in last yearb
|
0.074
| | |
0.71
|
|
No
|
608 (59.8%)
|
57 (59.4%)
|
551 (59.8%)
| |
291 (59.6%)
|
309 (60.2%)
| |
|
Yes
|
345 (33.9%)
|
28 (29.2%)
|
317 (34.4%)
| |
169 (34.6%)
|
169 (32.9%)
| |
|
Missing/unknown
|
64 (6.3%)
|
11 (11.5%)
|
53 (5.8%)
| |
28 (5.7%)
|
35 (6.8%)
| |
|
Hepatitis B status
|
0.051
| | |
0.005
|
|
Susceptible
|
149 (14.7%)
|
22 (22.9%)
|
127 (13.8%)
| |
89 (18.2%)
|
59 (11.5%)
| |
|
Immune
|
866 (85.2%)
|
74 (77.1%)
|
792 (86.0%)
| |
399 (81.8%)
|
452 (88.1%)
| |
|
Infected
|
2 (0.2%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
2 (0.2%)
| |
0 (0.0%)
|
2 (0.4%)
| |
- Participant characteristics were assessed at study screening and enrollment visits. All data are presented as n (column percentage). p-values were calculated using Pearson’s Chi-squared test and significant results (p < 0.05) are shown in bold. Sixteen participants known to be living with HIV were not included in the evaluation of recent HCV testing, since HCV diagnostic testing would not routinely be indicated for such individuals
- aSelf-perceived HIV risk was assessed with the question, “Thinking about the sex you had in the past 12 months, to what extent would you consider yourself at risk of getting HIV?” with answers provided via a 5-point Liekert scale from “no risk” to “very large risk.”
- bBinge drinking was defined as having six or more drinks during one occasion once or more per month during the past year
- cHepatitis B status was categorized as “susceptible” if all surface antigen, surface antibody, and core antibody were all non-reactive; “immune” if only the surface antibody or core antibody was reactive; and “infected” if the surface antigen was detectable
