Factors associated with North–South research collaboration focusing on HIV/AIDS: lessons from ClinicalTrials.gov

Table 2 Characteristics of N–S collaborative studies focusing on HIV/AIDS

Variable	South-South (262, 23%)		North–South (871, 77%)		Total (1133, 100%)		P-value
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%
Principal investigator (PI)							< 0.0001
Multiple PI	41	3.6	307	27.1	348	30.7
Single PI	221	19.5	564	49.8	785	69.3
Size of the collaboration⁺¹							< 0.0001
3 + institutions	35	3.1	371	32.7	406	35.8
2 institutions	87	7.7	288	25.4	375	33.1
1 institution	140	12.4	212	18.7	352	31.1
Locations							< 0.0001
3 + locations	45	4.0	323	28.5	368	32.5
2 locations	22	1.9	103	9.1	125	11.0
1 location	195	17.2	445	39.3	640	56.5
Study size⁺²							< 0.0001
Large (250 + participants)	65	5.7	468	41.3	533	47.0
Medium (30–250)	142	12.5	319	28.2	461	40.7
Small (< 30 participants)	55	4.9	84	7.4	139	12.3
Funding Source							< 0.0001
Federal	7	0.6	357	31.5	364	32.1
Industry	24	2.1	155	13.7	179	15.8
Other	231	20.4	359	31.7	590	52.1
Study Design							0.3799
RCTs	211	18.6	722	63.7	933	82.4
Observational	51	4.5	149	13.2	200	17.6
Gender of participants							< 0.0001
Male	20	1.8	36	3.2	56	5.0
Female	17	1.5	175	15.5	192	17.0
Mixed (male and female)	225	19.9	659	58.2	884	78.0
Age of participants							< 0.0001
Child	9	0.8	81	7.2	90	7.9
Adult	229	20.2	613	54.1	842	74.3
Mixed (child and adult)	24	2.1	177	15.6	201	17.7
Study duration							< 0.0001
Short (2 years or less)	137	12.1	302	26.7	439	38.7
Medium (2–5 years)	106	9.4	441	38.9	547	48.3
Long (5 years or more)	19	1.7	128	11.3	147	13.0

⁺¹ = based on number of institutions; ⁺² = based on number of participants enrolled

ISSN: 1742-6405