Potential challenges to sustained viral load suppression in the HIV treatment programme in South Africa: a narrative overview

Table1 Summary of provincial and national HIV-1 surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM) studies in South Africa

Population type	Sampling year	Province	Number of participants	DR prevalence (%)	NNRTI (%)	NRTI (%)	PI (%)	References
Pre-treated individuals	2013–2014	Eastern Cape	25	16	16	4	0	[9]
	2013–2014	Free State	25	12	12	4	0	[9]
	2006	Free State	390	2.3	3.3	0.8	0.5	[19]
	2016	Gauteng	95	27.4	24.2	3.1	0	[22]
	2002–2004	Gauteng	113	4.2	2	2	0	[7]
	2012–2016	KwaZulu-Natal	1148	12.8	8.8	2	1.4	[15]
	2013–2015	KwaZulu-Natal	1845	11.5	10	3.2	1.2	[18]
	2010–2012	KwaZulu-Natal	701	5.1	4.6	1.4	0	[17]
	2010–2011	KwaZulu-Natal	326	8	7.1	2.1	0.6	[16]
	2009	KwaZulu-Natal	44	2	2	0	0	[14]
	2008	Limpopo	80	2.5	1.2	1.2	0	[12]
	2008	Limpopo	54	9.3	0	7.4	1.8	[12]
	2009	Mpumalanga	51	5.9	5.9	0	0	[9]
	2013–2014	North West	13	7.7	7.7	0	0	[9]
	2013–2014	Northern Cape	1	1	0	0	0	[9]
	2008–2010	Western Cape	58	5.2	3.4	1.7	1.7	[9]
	2002–2007	Western Cape	120	4.2	1.6	3.3	0	[20]
	2002–2004	Western Cape	140	3.6	2.1	2	0	[21]
PMTCT-exposed	2011	Gauteng	155	56.8	56.8	14.8	1.3	[24]
	2011	Gauteng	75	24	24	10.7	1.3	[24]
	2005–2007	Gauteng	255	31	27	7.5	1.6	[25]
	2005–2006	Gauteng	226	30	25.7	3.1	1.3	[84]
	2007–2009	Western Cape	47	6.4	6.4	0	0	[26]
Data from National surveys in South Africa
Pre-treated adults	2013–2014	All provinces	277	9	8.3	2.5	0.7	[9]
Pre-treated adults	2010–2012	All provinces	770	7	5.4	1.1	0.5	[10]
Pre-treated adults	2005–2009	KwaZulu Natal and Gauteng	354	3.1	2.3	1.1	0.6	[8]
PMTCT-Exposed	2010–2013	All provinces	220	51	51	5	0.9	[30]

ISSN: 1742-6405