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Table 6 Factors associated with HIV-1 DR among participants experiencing treatment failure

From: HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations and related risk factors among HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing treatment failure in Hebei Province, China

Factors

DR rate % (N)

Crude OR (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

p value

Gender

 Male

51.6 (79)

1

0.913

  

 Female

52.5 (32)

1.034 (0.571, 1.872)

   

Age (years)

 0–18

63.2 (12)

1

0.35

  

 19–49

52.5 (73)

0.646 (0.242, 1.725)

   

 50–

43.2 (26)

0.444 (0.143, 1.385)

   

Marital status

 Married/cohabitation

48.5 (49)

1

0.473

  

 Unmarried

57.7 (41)

1.45 (0.787, 2.673)

   

 Divorced/widowed

50 (21)

1.016 (0.517, 2.18)

   

Ethnicity

 Han

51 (106)

1

0.118

  

Others

83.3 (5)

4.811 (0.553, 41.894)

   

VL (copy/ml)

 ≤5000

31.4 (16)

1

0.001

1

0.001

 5001–9999

45.7 (16)

1.842 (0.756, 4.486)

 

1.673 (0.558, 5.01)

 

 ≥10,000

61.7 (79)

3.527 (1.768, 7.035)

 

4.9 (1.996, 12.026)

 

CD4 counts (cells/μl)

 ≤200

68.4 (78)

1

0.001

1

0.001

 >200

33 (33)

0.227 (0.128, 0.404)

 

0.219 (0.101, 0.474)

 

WHO stages

 I

47.3 (71)

1

0.074

  

 II

76.5 (13)

3.616 (1.127, 11.6)

   

 III

52.9 (18)

1.252 (0.594, 2.639)

   

 IV

69.2 (9)

2.54 (0.739, 8.485)

   

Symptomsa in recent three months

 No

44 (66)

1

0.001

1

0.046

 Yes

70.3 (45)

3.014 (1.162, 5.635)

 

2.386 (1.017, 5.594)

 

Education level

 High school or less

51.3 (82)

1

0.755

  

 College and above

53.7 (29)

1.103 (0.595, 2.048)

   

Duration between diagnosis and ART

 0–12

50.4 (66)

1

0.786

  

 13–54

57.7 (15)

1.343 (0.574, 3.142)

   

 55–

52.6 (30)

1.094 (0.587, 2.039)

   

ART regimens

 3TC + AZT + NVP/EFV

52.8 (67)

1

0.621

  

 3TC + TDF + LPV/r

59.1 (13)

1.294 (0.516, 3.241)

   

 Othersb

47.7 (31)

0.817 (0.449, 1.486)

   

Duration of ART (months)

 6–12

36.8 (32)

1

0.001

1

0.025

 13–54

57 (45)

2.275 (1.22, 4.242)

 

1.737 (0.801, 3.766)

 

 55–

70.8 (34)

4.174 (1.953, 8.923)

 

3.828 (1.445, 10.14)

 

Transmission routes

 Sexual contact

59.9 (91)

1

0.001

1

0.001

 Blood

19 (8)

0.158 (0.068, 0.364)

 

0.082 (0.028, 0.241)

 

 Mother-to-child

60 (12)

1.005 (0.388, 2.604)

 

1.156 (0.313, 4.268)

 

Genotype

 B

55.4 (62)

1

0.035

1

0.484

 CRF-1_AE

55.6 (40)

1.008 (0.556, 1.829)

 

0.765 (0.343, 1.708)

 

 Othersc

30.0 (9)

0.346 (0.145, 0.821)

 

0.543 (0.195, 1.512)

 
  1. OR odds ratio, DR drug resisitance
  2. aHerpes zoster, persistent diarrhea (>1 month), persistent/intermittent fever (>38 °C, >1 month), Brain lymphoma/B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, tuberculosis or thrush
  3. b3TC + d4T + NVP, 3TC + TDF + EFV, 3TC + D4T + EFV and 3TC + TDF + NVP were included
  4. cCRF07_BC (4 cases), CRF08_BC (2 cases), CRF02_AG (1 case), C (1 case) and URF (1 case) were included
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AIDS Research and Therapy

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