Table 1 The subjects’ characteristic and the factors associated with at least one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutation
Variable | Number (%) | HIV drug resistance (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | ||||||
Zhumadian | 743 (22.97) | 481 (64.74) | ||||
Zhengzhou | 81 (2.50) | 38 (46.91) | 0.5 (0.3,0.8) | 0.00 | 0.8 (0.5,1.4) | 0.49 |
Kaifeng | 617 (19.07) | 329 (53.32) | 0.6 (0.5,0.8) | 0.00 | 0.7 (0.6,0.9) | 0.01 |
Jiaozuo | 48 (1.48) | 26 (54.17) | 0.6 (0.4,1.2) | 0.14 | 0.8 (0.4,1.6) | 0.59 |
Zhoukou | 558 (17.25) | 352 (63.08) | 0.9 (0.7,1.2) | 0.54 | 1.1 (0.9,1.5) | 0.33 |
Pingdingshan | 13 (0.40) | 11 (83.33) | 3.0 (0.7,13.6) | 0.16 | 3.1 (0.7,14.8) | 0.15 |
Luohe | 121 (3.74) | 85 (70.25) | 1.3 (0.8,2.0) | 0.24 | 1.7 (1.1,2.8) | 0.02 |
Shangqiu | 611 (18.89) | 440 (72.01) | 1.4 (1.1,1.8) | 0.00 | 1.5 (1.2,1.9) | 0.00 |
Nanyang | 361 (11.16) | 268 (74.24) | 1.6 (1.2,2.1) | 0.00 | 1.9 (1.4,2.5) | 0.00 |
Xinyang | 82 (2.53) | 65 (79.27) | 2.1 (1.2,3.6) | 0.01 | 2.4 (1.3,4.4) | 0.00 |
Age | ||||||
≤30 | 89 (2.75) | 70 (78.65) | ||||
31–50 | 2,050 (63.37) | 1,295 (63.17) | 0.5 (0.3,0.8) | 0.00 | 0.5 (0.2,0.8) | 0.01 |
>50 | 1,096 (33.88) | 730 (66.61) | 0.5 (0.3,0.9) | 0.02 | 0.5 (0.3,0.9) | 0.03 |
Gender | ||||||
Female | 1,537 (47.51) | 1,011 (65.78) | ||||
Male | 1,698 (52.49) | 1,084 (63.84) | 0.9 (0.8,1.1) | 0.25 | ||
Married | ||||||
No | 2,681 (82.87) | 1,737 (64.79) | ||||
Yes | 554 (17.13) | 358 (64.62) | 1.0 (0.8,1.2) | 0.94 | ||
HIV transmission route | ||||||
FPD | 2,915 (90.11) | 1,909 (65.49) | ||||
Sexual intercourse | 238 (7.36) | 139 (58.40) | 0.7 (0.6,1.0) | 0.03 | 1.1 (0.8,1.5) | 0.71 |
Mother-to-Child | 24 (0.74) | 22 (91.67) | 5.8 (1.4,24.7) | 0.02 | 3.3 (0.7,16.6) | 0.14 |
Other | 58 (1.79) | 25 (43.10) | 0.4 (0.2,0.7) | 0.00 | 0.8 (0.4,1.4) | 0.36 |
CD4 | ||||||
≥350 | 874 (27.02) | 536 (61.33) | ||||
200–349 | 1,112 (34.37) | 718 (64.57) | 0.9 (0.7,1.1) | 0.20 | 0.9 (0.7,1.2) | 0.52 |
50–199 | 1,011 (31.25) | 672 (66.47) | 1.3 (1.0,1.7) | 0.03 | 1.4 (1.1,1.9) | 0.01 |
<50 | 238 (7.36) | 169 (71.01) | 1.9 (1.3,2.7) | 0.00 | 2.6 (1.7,4.0) | 0.00 |
Virus load | ||||||
>4log | 1,332 (41.47) | 811 (60.89) | ||||
3–4log | 1,903 (58.83) | 1,284 (67.47) | 1.4 (1.1,1.9) | 0.01 | 1.6 (1.1,2.0) | 0.01 |
Initial ART regimen | ||||||
AZT/D4T + DDI + EFV/NVP | 1,428 (44.14) | 975 (68.28) | ||||
AZT/D4T + 3TC + EFV/NVP | 1,170 (36.17) | 714 (61.03) | 0.7 (0.6,0.9) | 0.00 | 1.0 (0.8,1.2) | 0.85 |
Other regimens | 637 (19.69) | 406 (63.74) | 0.8 (0.7,1.0) | 0.04 | 0.9 (0.8,1.2) | 0.61 |
WHO stage | ||||||
I | 635 (19.63) | 382 (60.16) | ||||
II | 1,279 (39.54) | 829 (64.82) | 1.2 (1.0,1.5) | 0.05 | 1.1 (0.9,1.4) | 0.32 |
III | 860 (26.58) | 573 (66.63) | 1.3 (1.1,1.6) | 0.01 | 1.4 (1.0,1.7) | 0.01 |
IV | 226 (6.99) | 146 (64.60) | 1.2 (0.9,1.7) | 0.24 | 1.4 (1.0,1.9) | 0.08 |
No information | 235 (7.26) | 165 (70.21) | 1.6 (1.1,2.2) | 0.01 | 0.9 (0.6,1.3) | 0.63 |
Duration of ART (year) | ||||||
7– | 930 (28.75) | 650 (70.49) | ||||
6– | 738 (22.81) | 502 (68.02) | 0.9 (0.7,1.1) | 0.41 | 0.9 (0.7,1.1) | 0.24 |
5– | 331 (10.23) | 241 (72.81) | 1.2 (0.9,1.5) | 0.32 | 0.9 (0.7,1.2) | 0.60 |
4– | 264 (8.16) | 182 (68.94) | 1.0 (0.7,1.3) | 0.77 | 0.7 (0.5,1.0) | 0.05 |
3– | 253 (7.82) | 171 (67.59) | 0.9 (0.7,1.2) | 0.48 | 0.6 (0.4,0.9) | 0.00 |
2– | 289 (8.93) | 183 (63.32) | 0.7 (0.6,1.0) | 0.04 | 0.5 (0.4,0.7) | 0.00 |
1– | 430 (13.29) | 166 (38.60) | 0.3 (0.2,0.3) | 0.00 | 0.2 (0.1,0.2) | 0.00 |