Table 2 Risk factors for MRSA colonization: Univariate analysis
From: Prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA colonization in HIV-positive outpatients in Singapore
Vañable | MRSA Position n (%)* | MRSA Negatve n (%)* | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age(median, range), years | 50 (30–67) | 43 (18–73) | 1.1 (1.00-1.11) | 0.036 |
Age>=65 | 1 (6.7) | 7 (2.5) | 2.8 (0.32-24.32) | 0.352 |
Gender, Male | 14 (933) | 243 (86.5) | 2.2 (0.28-17.13) | 0.455 |
AIDS-related infections | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Tuberculosis | 3 (20.0) | 46 (16.4) | 1.3 (0.35-4.71) | 0.713 |
Pneumoncystic jiroveci pneumonia | 8 (53.3) | 73 (26.0) | 3.3 (1.14-9.30) | 0.027 |
Bacterial Pneumonia | 4 (26.7) | 24 (8.5) | 3.9 (1.15-13.17) | 0.029 |
Cytomegalovirus infection | 3 (20.0) | 25 (8.9) | 2.6 (0.68-9.68) | 0.166 |
Skinlesion | 6 (40.0) | 70 (24.9) | 2.0 (0.69-5.85) | 0.200 |
Lymphoma | 3 (20.0) | 4 (1.4) | 17.3 (3.48-86.15) | <0.001 |
Toxoplasmosis | 1 (6.7) | 6 (2.1) | 3.3 (0.37-29.08) | 0.287 |
Exposure to Health Facilities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Prior hospitalization in the past one year | 9 (60) | 44 (15.7) | 81 (274–23.84) | <0.001 |
Outpatient visit to CDC in the past one year | 15 (100) | 259 (92.2) | NC | 0.260 |
Admission to Intensive care unit in the past one year | 1 (6.7) | 1 (0.4) | 20.0 (1.19-336.64) | 0.038 |
Polyclinic visit in the past one year* * | 7 (46.7) | 125 (44.5) | 1.1 (0.39-3.09) | 0.870 |
Surgery in the past one year* * | 1 (6.7) | 11 (3.9) | 1.8 (0.21-14.55) | 0.603 |
Presence of Percutaneous Device in the past one year* * | 11 (73.3) | 47 (16.7) | 13.7 (4.18-44.84 | <0.001 |
Urinary catheterization in the past six months* * | 1 (6.7) | 4 (1.4) | 5.0 (0.52-47.22) | 0.165 |
Household member hospitalized more than two times in the past one year * * | 5 (33.3) | 28 (10.0) | 4.5 (1.44-14.16) | 0.010 |
Patient contact with a health care worker in the past 6 month * * | 5 (33.3) | 29 (10.3) | 4.3 (l.39-13.59) | 0.012 |
Drug history | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Recent intravenous antibiotic usage | 8 (72.7) | 37 (78.7) | 0.7 (0.16-3.23) | 0.669 |
Oral antibiotic usage in the past three months | 11 (73.3) | 96 (34.2) | 5.3 (1.64-17.09) | 0.005 |
On antiretroviral therapy in the preceding one year | 14 (93.3) | 238 (84.7) | 2.5 (0.32-17.74) | 0.376 |
Current use of Co-trimoxazole | 4 (26.7) | 77 (27.4) | 1.0 (0.29-3.12) | 0.950 |
Beta lactam antibiotic usage in the past six months | 5 (33.3) | 10 (3.6) | 13.6 (3.90-47.07) | <0.001 |
Others | Â | Â | Â | Â |
History of previous MRSA colonization | 2 (13.3) | 7 (2.5) | 6.0 (1.14-31.89) | 0.035 |
Most recent CD4<20O | 9 (60) | 71 (25.3) | 4.4 (1.53-12.90) | 0.006 |