From: Dual role of autophagy in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis
HIV-1 protein | Relationship with autophagy | References |
---|---|---|
Gag | In macrophages: Gag colocalizes with LC3, perhaps to promote virion assembly. | |
Env | In bystander T cells and neuronal cells: Env induces autophagy and promotes autophagic T cell death. | |
Nef | Nef interacts with IRGM to induce autophagy. Nef also acts as an "antiautophagic maturation factor" and blocks the late proteolytic stage of autophagy. | |
Tat | In macrophages: Tat blocks IFN-γ-induced LC3 expression and inhibits autophagy. | [59] |
 | In bystander HUVEC*: Tat increases autophagy. | [60] |