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Table 1 Case load and referral rates for severe symptomatic hyperlactataemia cases (2003-2008)

From: Reduced referral and case fatality rates for severe symptomatic hyperlactataemia in a South African public sector antiretroviral programme: a retrospective observational study

Time Period

Number of severe SHL cases

Cumulative adult ART exposure (years)

Referral rate: cases/1000 py ART exposure (95% CI)

IRR(95% CI)

Cumulative ART exposure 6-18 months (years)

Referral rate: cases/1000 py 6-18 months on ART (95% CI)

IRR(95%CI)

2003

4

436

9.2

(3.4-24.4)

0.45

(0.16-1.24)

219

18.3

(6.9-48.7)

0.46

(0.17-1.26)

2004

15

1361

11.0

(6.6-18.3)

0.54

(0.31-0.95)

547

27.4

(16.5-45.5)

0.69

(0.39-1.21)

2005

67

3292

20.4

(16.0-25.9)

1.0 (ref)

1689

39.7

(31.2-50.4)

1.0 (ref)

2006

99

6069

16.3

(13.4-19.9)

0.8

(0.59-1.09)

3284

30.1

(24.8-36.7)

0.76

(0.56-1.04)

2007

53

8771

6.0

(4.6-7.9)

0.3

(0.21-0.43)

4442

11.9

(9.1-15.6)

0.30

(0.21-0.43)

2008

16

12014

1.3

(0.8-2.2)

0.07

(0.04-0.11)

4488

3.6

(2.2-5.8)

0.09

(0.05-0.16)

Entire

Period

254

31943

8.0

(7.0-9.0)

-

14669

17.3 (15.3-19.6)

-

  1. 1 Incidence rate ratio was calculated using 2005 as reference period.
  2. SHL = Symptomatic Hyperlactataemia, ART = Antiretroviral therapy, py = patient years, CI = Confidence interval, IRR = Incidence rate ratio.