Table 1 Published cases of acute renal failure during acute/primary HIV infection
From: Acute tubular nephropathy in a patient with acute HIV infection: review of the literature
First author (year) | Age, race, gender | Acute/primary HIV infection diagnosis | Renal disease diagnosis | Other findings | Outcome of acute renal failure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
del Rio C (1990)[2] | 29-year old, African American man | Non-reactive HIV EIA and Western Blot with seroconversion 4 weeks after presentation | Acute tubular necrosis and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis by renal biopsy, Creatinine was 2.8 mg/dl and 24-hour urine protein was 6 g | Rhabdomyolysis | Improved after supportive care |
Levin ML (2001)[4] | 41-year old, Black male | Non-reactive HIV EIA with HIV RNA 700,000 copies/ml. Patient experienced HIV seroconversion 6 weeks later | Acute renal failure from HIVAN diagnosed by renal biopsy. Creatinine was 7.3 mg/dl and 24-hour urine protein was 6.9 g. | None reported | Improved with supportive care and antiretroviral therapy |
Prabahar MR (2008)[7] | 42-year old, Saudi male | Reactive HIV EIA but primary HIV infection was presumed because of high HIV RNA and consistent clinical profile | Acute renal tubular necrosis diagnosed by renal biopsy with a creatinine of 6.8 mg/dl | Rhabdomyolysis, acute hepatitis | Improved after hemodialysis |
Pano-Pardo JR (2009)[6] | 19-year old, Haitian American female | HIV seroconversion within the past 8 weeks | Bilateral renal infarcts on CT scan, acute renal failure with a creatinine of 2.3 mg/dl | Rhabdomyolysis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, anemia | Recovered with supportive care |
Gomes AM (2009)[3] | 38-year old, Black male | Inconclusive HIV EIA and non-reactive Western Blot with HIV RNA >1,000,000 copies/ml | Acute renal failure with a creatinine of 7.5 mg/dl. Renal biopsy was not done due to risk of bleeding | Hemolytic uremic syndrome (hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia) | Improved after plasmapheresis and hemodialysis |
Merrill ER (2011)[5] | 19-year old, African American male | HIV seroconversion during the hospitalization period | Acute tubular necrosis diagnosed by renal biopsy with a creatinine of 8 mg/dl and abnormal urinalysis (3+ protein, 3+ blood, 158 red cells/HPF) | Rhabdomyolysis, acute hepatitis. CMV IgG was positive | Improved after hemodialysis |
Szabo S (2002)[1] | 47-year old, African American woman | Reactive HIV EIA and a negative Western Blot with HIV RNA >75,000 copies/ml | Creatinine of 14 mg/dl and 24-hour urine protein of 21.4 g. Renal biopsy showed severe collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis consistent with HIVAN | None reported | Improved after hemodialysis but later died from bacterial sepsis |