Risk factors of chronic hepatitis in antiretroviral-treated HIV infection, without hepatitis B or C viral infection

Table 1 Characteristics of chronic hepatitis in cases of HIV patients with chronic non HBV/HCV hepatitis*

Clinical parameters	Case(n =124 )
Incidence rate , per 100 person-years	5.4
Median (IQR), duration from starting ARV to hepatitis, years	1.3(0.5–3.5)
Mean ALT level at time of ALT elevation, IU/L (±SD)	73 ± 107
Mean AST level at time of ALT elevation, IU/L (±SD)	58 ± 49
Mean alkaline phosphatase level at time of ALT elevation, IU/L (±SD)	97 ± 54
Severity grading of chronic hepatitis **, n (%)
o Mild (grade 1 or 2)	122 (98.4)
o Severe, at least grade 3	2 (1.6)
Symptoms at time of ALT elevation, n (%)
o Any	64(51.6)
o Nausea/ vomiting	30(24.2)
o Fatigue	14(11.3)
o Anorexia	9(7.3)
o Flatulence	5(4.0)
o Weight loss	4(3.2)
o Jaundice	1(0.8)
o Liver tenderness	1(0.8)

Abbreviation: HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, HBV Hepatitis B virus, HCV Hepatitis C virus, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, SD Standard deviation.
* Chronic hepatitis was defined as those with elevated ALT ≥40 IU/L at 2 consecutive visits 6 months apart.
**Severity grading of chronic hepatitis was classified by using ALT level: grade 1, 1.0 – 2.5 times the upper limit of normal (1.0-2.5 × ULN); grade 2, 2.6–5.0 × ULN; grade 3, 5.1–10 × ULN; grade 4, >10 × ULN [12]. Severe hepatitis was defined as having at least grade 3 ALT level.

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