Brief communication: body composition and hidden obesity in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy

Table 1 Characteristics and anthropometric values stratified by BMI and body fat percentage

	NWG (n = 140)	HOG (n = 158)	OOG (n = 218)	P
Age (years)	47 [38–52]	51 [42–60]	48 [41–54]	< 0.001
History of AIDS diagnosis	49 (35.0%)	51 (32.3%)	86 (39.4%)	0.344
Nadir CD4 (/µL)	145 [60–291]	149 [50–240]	149 [42–251]	0.528
Duration since HIV diagnosis (years)	8 [4–14]	10 [5–13]	9 [5–13]	0.500
Duration of ART (months)	93 [45–141]	104 [57–148]	95 [58–130]	0.597
Use of TAF	101 (72.1%)	119 (75.3%)	165 (75.7%)	0.732
Key drug				0.188
INSTI	120 (85.7%)	130 (82.3%)	176 (80.7%)
PI	16 (11.4%)	17 (10.8%)	21 (9.6%)
NNRTI	4 (2.9%)	11 (7%)	21 (9.6%)
Hypertension treatment	16 (11.4%)	24 (15.2%)	50 (22.9%)	0.013
Diabetes treatment	5 (3.6%)	12 (7.6%)	23 (10.6%)	0.055
Lipid disorder treatment	2 (1.4%)	18 (11.4%)	38 (17.4%)	< 0.001
SMI(kg/m²)	7.7 [7.2–8.1]	7.4 [7.1–7.7]	8.4 [8.0–8.9]	< 0.001
Visceral fat level	4 [3–5]	6 [6, 7]	10 [8–13]	< 0.001
CD4⁺ cell count (/µL)	577 [414–725]	577 [448–771]	608 [482–819]	0.056
HIV-RNA level (copies/mL)	20 [20–20]	20 [20–20]	20 [20–20]	0.679
AST (U/L)	22 [19–25]	22 [18–27]	25 [21–34]	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	19 [15–24]	19 [15–27]	30 [21–49]	< 0.001
γGTP (U/L)	20 [15–31]	29 [19–54]	39 [24–67]	< 0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.92 [0.83–1.00]	0.88 [0.78–1.00]	0.91 [0.82–1.03]	0.081
HDL-C (mg/dL)	59 [48–71]	51 [44–62]	49 [42–57]	< 0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	109 [92–136]	116 [97–139]	121 [103–142]	0.086
TG (mg/dL)	117 [81–157]	147 [95–208]	182 [122–262]	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.5 [5.3–5.6]	5.5 [5.3–5.8]	5.7 [5.4–6.1]	< 0.001
CRP (mg/dL)	0.03 [0.03–0.07]	0.04 [0.03–0.11]	0.08 [0.04–0.19]	< 0.001

Data are presented as counts (percentages) or median [interquartile range]
BMI body mass index, AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ART antiretriviral therapy, NWG normal weight group (BMI 18.5–25 kg/m² and body fat percentage < 20%); HOG hidden obesity group (BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m² or < 25 kg/m² and body fat percentage ≥ 20%), OOG overweight obesity group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² and body fat percentage ≥ 20%), TAF tenofovir alafenamide, INSTI integrase strand transfer inhibitor, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI protease inhibitor, BMI body mass index, SMI skeletal muscle mass index, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, γGTP gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, CRP C-reactive protein
P*: Normal group vs. hidden obesity group vs. obesity group; Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables, χ² test or Fisher’s exact test for other variables. The Bonferroni method was used as a multiple comparison method for the body composition items that showed significant differences among the three groups

ISSN: 1742-6405