Table 1 Baseline and socio-demographic characteristics of the reviewed studies
From: What is polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review
Author | Study location | Study design | Duration of HIV (years) | HIV viral load (copies/ml) | Sample size (N) | PLWH | Age mean | Proportion of male population | Number of medications | Numerical definition | Duration of polypharmacy | Descriptive (HIV, non-HIV, or both) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cantudo-Cuenca 2014 | Spain | Prospective observational |  | UD (70.4%) | 594 | 118 | 47 | 0.801 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Gimeno-Gracia 2015 | Spain | Retrospective | 13.6 | UD (88%) | 118 | 27 | 54.8 | 77.1 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  > 1 day, > 90 days, > 180 days | Both |
Gimeno-Gracia 2016 | Spain | Retrospective (descriptive) |  | UD (91.9%) | 199 | 53 | 52 | 73.4 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  > 1 day, > 90 days, > 180 days | Non-HIV |
Guaraldi 2016 | Italy | Cross sectional | 19 |  | 2944 | 992 | 48.37 | 66.3 |  ≥ 5 | Yes | 4 months | Non-HIV |
Guaraldi 2018 | Italy | Cross sectional |  |  | 1573 | 1258 | 71.47 | 82.7 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Halloran 2019 | Ireland | Prospective observational |  |  | 1072 | 158 | 56 |  |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Both |
Holtzman 2013 | USA | Cross sectional |  |  | 3810 | 3810 | 44 | 79 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | both |
Justice 2018 | USA | Prospective observational |  |  | 49,285 | 9473 |  | 97.5 |  < 5 and  ≥ 2 | Yes | 90 | Non-HIV |
Kara 2019 | Turkey | Cross sectional |  | 145 (80.1%) | 181 | 37 | 40.4 mean | 79.6 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Both |
Krentz 2016 | Canada | Prospective observational |  |  | 1329 | 1329 |  | 75.8 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Both |
Lopes 2019 | UK | Cross sectional |  |  | 2680 | 2680 | 46 mean | 86 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Lopez-Centeno 2019 | Spain | Cross sectional |  |  | 6636451 | 22945 | 48 (PLWH), 41 (control) | 78.28. (PLWH), 48.02 (Controls) |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Mata-MarĂn 2019 | Mexico | Case control | 8 | 41–48 (63–80%) | 125 | 125 |  |  |  ≥ 5 | Yes | 0 | Non-HIV |
Mazzitelli 2019 | UK | Prospective observational |  | UD | 790 | 790 | 55.8 | 92.8 |  ≥ 10,  ≥ 5 | Yes | 0 | Non-HIV |
Morillo-Verdugo 2019 | Spain | Cross sectional |  | 184 (84.4) | 223 | 223 | 53 | 86.5 |  ≥ 6,  ≥ 11,  ≥ 21 | Yes |  | Both |
Nozza 2017 | Italy | Cross sectional | 17 | UD (92%) | 1222 | 1222 | 70 | 83.7 |  ≥ 5 | Yes | 121 days | Non-HIV |
Okoli 2020 | 25 countries | Prospective (multicentre) |  |  | 2112 | 2112 |  | 70.4 |  ≥ 5 | Yes | – | Both |
Patel 2015 | UK | Cross sectional |  |  | 299 | 16 | 58 mean | 94.6 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Both |
Siefried 2017 | Australia | Prospective observational |  |  | 522 | 522 | 50.8 | 94.6 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Ssonko 2018 | Uganda | Cross sectional |  |  | 411 | 239 |  |  |  ≥ 4 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Titon 2021 | USA | Case control | 9.2 | UD | 156 | 52 | 60 | 38.5 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Vinuesa-Hernando 2021 | Brazil | Prospective observational |  |  | 30 | 30 | 71 | 73 |  ≥ 5,  ≥ 10 | Yes |  | Both |
Arant 2021 | Spain | Prospective cohort |  |  | 348 | 106 |  | 77.2 (Cohort 1) and 72.1 (Cohort 2) |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Both |
Ramos 2021 | USA | Prospective observational |  |  | 39 | 24 | 54.5 | 87.2 |  ≥ 11 | Yes |  | Both |
Calcagno 2021 |  | Cross sectional |  |  | 2432 | 1158 | PLWH: 51.6 Controls: 47.7 | 69.8 (PLWH), 68.8 (Control) |  ≥ 10 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Loste 2020 | Italy | Cross sectional | 10 | UD | 91 | 91 | 71.2 | 81.3 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Livio 2020 | Spain | Retrospective | 18 | 159 (91%) | 175 | 175 | 78 | 71 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Kuznetsov 2021 | UK | Prospective observational | 11.3 |  | 150 | 150 | 38.3 | 66 |  ≥ 5 | Yes | Daily | Both |
Allemann 2017 | Canada | Prospective observational |  |  | 2 | 2 | 48 | 50 |  ≥ 3 | Yes | 4 months |  |
Ware 2019 | Switzerland | Prospective observational | 12.5 | UD (57.7%) | 3160 | 1715 | 53 | 100 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |
Ware 2016 | USA | Prospective observational | 12 | UD (48.2%) | 3160 | 1715 | 46 | 100 |  ≥ 5 | Yes |  | Non-HIV |