Infectious Etiologies | Noninfectious etiologies |
---|---|
Mycobacteria | Rheumatologic/Autoimmune |
   Mycobacterium tuberculosis [4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 26, 30-32, 41, 43, 45] |    Rheumatoid arthritis [29] Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [91] |
 |    Graves disease [92], Autoimmune thyroid disease [93] |
   Mycobacterium avium complex [4, 5, 23, 31, 94-96] | Sarcoidosis & granulomatous reactions [20, 97] |
   Other mycobacteria [4, 56, 57, 98, 99] | Tattoo ink [100] |
Cytomegalovirus [4, 33, 61, 63] | AIDS-related lymphoma [101] |
Herpes viruses | Guillain-Barre' syndrome (GBS) [102] |
   Herpes zoster virus [4, 32, 33, 71, 103, 104] | Interstitial lymphoid pneumonitis [105] |
   Herpes simplex virus [4, 32, 33] |  |
   Herpes virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma [4, 32, 106] |  |
Cryptococcus neoformans [13, 16, 22, 28, 31, 83, 84, 86, 88] | Â |
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) [8, 14, 32] | Â |
Histoplasmosis capsulatum [107] | Â |
Toxoplasmosis [33] | Â |
Hepatitis B virus [32, 33] | Â |
Hepatitis C virus [4, 32, 33, 108] | Â |
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis [12, 33, 109] | Â |
Parvovirus B19 [110] | Â |
Strongyloides stercoralis infection [111] & other parasitic infections [112] | Â |
Molluscum contagiosum & genital warts [32] | Â |
Sinusitis [113] | Â |
Folliculitis [114, 115] | Â |