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Table 3 Factors associated with psychosocial impact categories, DC Cohort 2020–2021

From: Psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic from a cross-sectional Survey of people living with HIV in Washington, DC

 

Financial/employmenta

(n = 690)

Mental healthb

(n = 690)

Decreased social connectionc

(n = 690)

Increased substance used

(n = 626)

 

aOR (95%CI)

P-value

aOR (95%CI)

P-value

aOR (95%CI)

P-value

aOR (95%CI)

P-value

Age (continuous), per 10 year increase

0.76 (0.63–0.90)

0.0022

0.72 (0.58–0.89)

0.0031

0.77 (0.64–0.91)

0.0030

0.72 (0.56–0.92)

0.0094

Gender identity

        

 Male

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Female

0.83 (0.53–1.31)

0.4302

1.03 (0.61–1.74)

0.9208

1.04 (0.66–1.62)

0.8765

0.40 (0.19–0.83)

0.0144

Race/ethnicity

        

 Non-Hispanic White

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

1.43 (0.88–2.33)

0.1532

0.64 (0.32–1.19)

0.1723

0.42 (0.25–0.70)

0.0010

0.62 (0.34–1.13)

0.1145

Hispanic, any race

1.43 0.66–3.18)

0.3684

6.00 (1.12–111.33)

0.0907

0.26 (0.12–0.58)

0.0011

0.64 (0.23–1.67)

0.3722

Other (American Indian/Alaska native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Bi/multiracial)

1.11 (0.49–2.50)

0.8083

0.62 (0.22–1.84)

0.3669

0.25 (0.11–0.58)

0.0011

0.56 (0.19–1.52)

0.2725

Education

        

 At least some high school

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 At least some college

0.59 (0.41–0.85)

0.0043

1.82 (1.19–2.81)

0.0061

1.54 (1.08–2.19)

0.0167

3.31 (1.87–6.15)

 < 0.0001

Self-reported underlying medical conditions

        

 0

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 ≥ 1

1.10 (0.73–1.64)

0.6595

1.56 (0.96–2.52)

0.0713

1.32 (0.88–1.97)

0.1775

0.98 (0.58–1.67)

0.9280

Survey year

        

 2021

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 2020

1.34 (0.85–2.14)

0.2141

1.60 (0.91–2.97)

0.1159

1.84 (1.17–2.93)

0.0095

1.23 (0.64–2.26)

0.5209

Length of diagnosis (per year)

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.7387

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.9133

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.8933

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.4569

AIDS CD4 ≥ 200 cells/ml vs. < 200 (Ref.)

1.29 (0.50–3.26)

0.5911

0.41 (0.09–1.39)

0.1915

0.52 (0.21–1.25)

0.1495

0.86 (0.29–2.82)

0.7856

Suppressed HIV RNA < 200 copies/ml vs > 200 (Ref.)

0.48 (0.23–0.97)

0.0476

0.80 (0.30–1.89)

0.6308

1.50 (0.78–2.91)

0.2242

0.48 (0.22–1.06)

0.0616

HIV mode of transmission

        

 MSM

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Hetero

0.93 (0.55–1.56)

0.7702

0.90 (0.49–1.67)

0.7397

0.85 (0.50–1.42)

0.5218

2.03 (0.94–4.33)

0.0688

 IDU

1.27 (0.58–2.83)

0.5446

1.45 (0.59–3.86)

0.4332

1.02 (0.47–2.22)

0.9594

2.04 (0.53–6.54)

0.2571

 Other

1.60 (1.00–2.57)

0.0493

1.14 (0.65–2.03)

0.6624

0.92 (0.58–1.45)

0.7150

0.80 (0.39–1.54)

0.5183

  1. aReported at least 1 of the following: Household income decreased, Lost health insurance, Lost housing, Negative impact on paying rent/mortgage, Negative impact on getting food
  2. bReported at least 1 of the following: Quality of life decreased, Feeling anxious increased, Quality of sleep decreased, PHQ-2 positive (both questions answered affirmatively)
  3. cReported at least 1 of the following: Feeling connected to family decreased, Feeling connected to friends decreased
  4. dReported at least 1 of the following: Use of illicit drugs increased; Use of alcohol increased