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Table 2 Baseline and changes of cytokine levels from baseline to week 12 of pitavastatin treatment vs. placebo

From: Effects of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic-associated inflammatory biomarkers in people living with HIV with dyslipidemia and receiving ritonavir-boosted atazanavir: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study

Cytokines

Baseline

Change from baseline after pitavastatin

Change from baseline after placebo

P-value

IL-1β

2.01 (1.71 –2.42)

1.28 (0.39–2.87)

0.99 (0.30 –1.88)

0.820

IL-1ra

153.80 (132.90–180.80)

37.10 (− 13.40–81.50)

33.10 (8.44 –105.00)

0.865

IL-2

9.51 (6.32–11.16)

2.16 (0.49–5.54)

1.74 (0.65–3.54)

0.872

IL-4

3.89 (3.46–4.70)

1.82 (1.21–2.37)

1.35 (1.08 –2.20)

0.261

IL-6

7.66 (6.55 –9.50)

6.73 (1.00–33.3)

9.29 (0.09 –26.40)

0.966

IL-7

20.59 (11.55–34.30)

− 0.32 (− 15.10–4.72)

1.38 (− 12.70–11.70)

0.560

IL-8

23.87 (20.81–29.57)

57.00 (18.50–89.70)

53.6 (5.03–171.00)

0.551

IL-9

66.40 (53.63–76.46)

42.1 (21.10–53.90)

34.20 (14.80–66.00)

0.922

IL-10

14.38 (3.38–17.04)

2.19 (0.00–10.30)

2.36 (0.00 –10.50)

0.958

IL-12

19.24 (13.43–29.46)

9.39 (1.16–14.80)

8.94 (4.81–15.90)

0.601

IL-13

1.60 (1.16 –2.18)

1.23 (0.01–2.26)

1.06 (0.00–1.79)

0.768

IL-15

14.23 (11.49–19.67)

0.00 (− 4.03–1.57)

1.19 (− 2.34–3.14)

0.086

IL-17

211.20 (167.1 – 244.5)

173.00 (85.10–219.00)

129.00 (68.8–199.00)

0.747

Eotaxin

90.88 (70.86 – 110.20)

5.97 (− 6.60–17.70)

8.76 (− 9.80 –17.90)

0.790

Basic FGF

85.25 (75.04–98.90)

27.10 (18.30–36.60)

20.50 (11.60–29.00)

0.023

G-CSF

70.84 (59.80–76.97)

0.79 (− 11.40–10.80)

4.90 (− 3.33 –8.48)

0.622

GM-CSF

57.01 (48.31–66.63)

8.67 (0.24–14.40)

3.52 (0.00–13.00)

0.223

IFN-γ

14.40 (14.40–74.01)

0.00 (− 2.70–12.00)

0.00 (0.00–34.30)

0.269

IP-10

613.40 (466.00–921.90)

133.00 (17.30–201.00)

103.00 (20.70–158.00)

0.870

MCP-1

121.70 (100.80–160.50)

− 18.00 (− 49.10 – 0.62)

− 29.8 (− 43.80–−7.81)

0.520

MIP-1α

3.64 (1.00 –4.42)

6.64 (3.80–14.80)

6.21 (3.56–20.90)

0.716

MIP-1β

443.90 (368.50–482.90)

610.00 (188.00 –1618.00)

762.00 (87.80–1702.00)

0.368

PDGF-BB

409.70 (319.40–521.90)

359.00 (240.00–443.00)

305.00 (143.00–423.00)

0.601

RANTES

7240.00 (5799.00–9174.00)

− 2626.00 (− 5815.00–−506.00)

−1226.00 (− 3419–236.00)

0.107

TNF-α

52.70 (43.67–60.75)

25.10 (6.94–56.60)

21.90 (7.85-37.20)

0.475

VEGF

103.20 (81.34–164.90)

22.10 (− 12.10–47.90)

23.20 (0.07 –54.70)

0.331

hs-CRP

1.19 (1.00 –1.86)

0.12 (− 0.21–0.67)

0.17 (− 0.27 –0.78)

0.596

  1. Values are shown as median (interquartile range). Units of cytokines are pg/mL; unit of hs-CRP is mg/L
  2. FGF fibroblast growth factor, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, IP-10 interferon-γ-induced protein 10, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MIP macrophage inflammatory protein, PDGF-BB platelet-derived growth factor BB, RANTES regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor