Exploring HIV status as a mediator in the relationship of psychological distress with socio-demographic and health related factors in South Africa: findings from the 2012 nationally representative population-based household survey

Table 4 Model of the relationship of psychological distress with socio-demographic, health and HIV-related variables

Psychological distress	OR	95% CI		p-value
Age group (years)
15–24	Ref
25 to 49	1.49	1.33	1.67	< 0.001
50+	1.42	1.23	1.63	< 0.001
Sex
Male	Ref
Female	1.63	1.48	1.80	< 0.001
Race group (years)
African	Ref
Other	0.53	0.47	0.60	< 0.001
Marital status	Ref
Not married
Married	0.80	0.72	0.89	< 0.001
Educational level
Primary	Ref
Secondary	0.88	0.79	0.98	0.004
Tertiary	0.70	0.57	0.87	< 0.001
Employment status
No
Yes	0.78	0.70	0.86	< 0.001
Asset based SES
Low	ref
High	1.01	0.90	1.14	0.884
Locality type
Urban formal	Ref
Urban informal	0.97	0.84	1.13	0.686
Rural informal	0.78	0.68	0.89	< 0.001
Rural formal	0.79	0.66	0.92	0.002
Alcohol use AUDIT score
Abstainers	Ref
Low risk drinkers (1–7)	0.90	0.81	1.01	0.071
High risk drinkers (8–19)	1.88	1.61	2.20	< 0.001
Hazardous drinkers (20+)	4.43	3.12	6.27	< 0.001
Self-rated health
Fair/poor	Ref
Good/excellent	0.40	0.37	0.45	< 0.001
Ever test for HIV
No
Yes	1.16	1.04	1.29	0.008
Awareness of HIV status
No	Ref
Yes	1.02	0.91	1.13	0.786
Self-perceived risk of HIV
No	Ref
Yes	0.92	0.82	1.02	0.111
Externalised HIV related stigma
No	Ref
Yes	0.93	0.85	1.02	0.111

SES Socio economic status, AUDIT Alcohol risk score based on a questionnaire for Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and scores used for categorisation within parentheses, OR Odds ratio, CI confidence intervals. Subtotals do not total (n) due to non-response and / or missing data

ISSN: 1742-6405