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Table 2 Psychological distress by socio-demographic, health and HIV-related characteristics, South Africa 2012

From: Exploring HIV status as a mediator in the relationship of psychological distress with socio-demographic and health related factors in South Africa: findings from the 2012 nationally representative population-based household survey

Sample characteristic

Total

(n = 20,083)

Psychological distress

p-value

No (n = 15,527)

Yes (n = 4556)

 

Age group (years)

   

< 0.001

15 to 24

5716

4696 (82.2%)

1020 (17.8%)

 

25 to 49

8573

6544 (76.3%)

2029 (23.7%)

 

50+

5789

484 (74.0%)

1505 (26.0%)

 

Sex

   

< 0.001

Male

8503

692 (82.2%)

1511 (17.8%)

 

Female

11,580

8535 (73.7%)

3045 (26.3%)

 

Race group

   

< 0.001

African

12,097

8853 (73.2%)

3244 (26.8%)

 

Other

7970

6661 (83.6%)

1309 (16.4%)

 

Marital status

   

< 0.001

Not Married

13,235

10,086 (76.2%)

3149 (23.8%)

 

Married

6568

5236 (79.7%)

1332 (20.3%)

 

Educational level

   

< 0.001

No education/Primary

3663

2659 (72.6%)

1004 (27.4%)

 

Secondary

12,104

9583 (79.2%)

2521 (20.8%)

 

Tertiary

1348

1138 (84.4%)

210 (15.6%)

 

Employment status

   

< 0.001

No

11,455

8565 (74.8%)

2890 (25.2%)

 

Yes

6849

5623 (82.1%)

1226 (17.9%)

 

Asset-based SES

   

< 0.001

Low SES

10,856

8059 (74.2%)

2797 (25.8%)

 

High SES

9003

7295 (81.0%)

1708 (19.0%)

 

Locality type

   

< 0.001

Alcohol use AUDIT score

   

< 0.001

Abstainers

11,466

8739 (76.2%)

2727 (23.8%)

 

Low risk drinkers (1–7)

4759

3947 (82.9%)

812 (17.1%)

 

High risk drinkers (8–19)

1498

1047 (69.9%)

451 (30.1%)

 

Hazardous drinkers (20+)

198

91 (46.0%)

107 (54.0%)

 

Self-rated health

   

< 0.001

Fair/poor

4149

2518 (60.7%)

1631 (39.3%)

 

Good/excellent

15,872

12,966 (81.7%)

2906 (18.3%)

 

Ever had HIV test

   

< 0.001

No

7372

5857 (79.4%)

1515 (20.6%)

 

Yes

12,637

9614 (76.1%)

3023 (23.9%)

 

HIV status

   

< 0.001

Negative

17,546

13,816 (78.7%)

3730 (21.3%)

 

Positive

2537

1711 (67.4%)

826 (32.6%)

 

Urban formal

11,080

8734 (78.8%)

2346 (21.2%)

 

Urban informal

2159

1541 (71.4%)

618 (28.6%)

 

Rural informal

4696

3512 (74.8%)

1184 (25.2%)

 

Rural formal

2148

1740 (81.0%)

408 (19.0%)

 

HIV stigma index score

   

0.650

No

9606

7413 (77.2%)

2193 (22.8%)

 

Yes

10,312

7986 (77.4%)

2326 (22.6%)

 

Self-perceived Risk of HIV infection

   

< 0.001

No

3995

2842 (71.1%)

1153 (28.9%)

 

Yes

15,896

12,555 (79.0%)

3341 (21.0%)

 

Awareness of HIV status

   

< 0.001

No

12,045

9431 (78.3%)

2614 (21.7%)

 

Yes

7769

5884 (75.7%)

1885 (24.3%)

 
  1. SES Socio economic status, AUDIT Alcohol risk score based on a questionnaire for Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and scores used for categorisation within parentheses. Subtotals do not total (n) due to non-response and/or missing data
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AIDS Research and Therapy

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