Covariates | MICS 2006 | MICS 2012 | MICS 2019 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Score n (%) | High Score n (%) | P-value | Low Score n (%) | High Score n (%) | P-value | Low Score n (%) | High Score n (%) | P-value | |
Total | 15,160 (44.80) | 18,683 (55.20) | – | 7277 (35.07) | 13,450 (64.93) | – | 12,113 (41.31) | 17,611 (58.69) | – |
Ten years age group | |||||||||
15–24 | 5218 (44.16) | 6540 (55.84) | 0.000 | 2027 (33.71) | 4131 (66.29) | 0.000 | 3148 (39.84) | 4971 (60.16) | < 0.001 |
25–34 | 5225 (43.60) | 6831 (56.40) | 2882 (32.62) | 5694 (67.38) | 4775 (40.01) | 7352 (59.99) | |||
35–44 | 3545 (45.75) | 4209 (54.25) | 1836 (39.60) | 2896 (60.40) | 3220 (43.26) | 4276 (56.74) | |||
45 and above | 1172 (51.83) | 1103 (48.17) | 532 (41.42) | 729 (58.58) | 970 (47.87) | 1012 (52.13) | |||
Division | |||||||||
Barisal | 1517 (44.88) | 1825 (55.12) | 0.000 | 597 (31.88) | 1276 (68.12) | 0.000 | 849 (37.85) | 1223 (62.15) | < 0.001 |
Chittagong | 2451 (42.45) | 3440 (57.55) | 1263 (40.73) | 1913 (59.27) | 1935 (42.36) | 2931 (57.64) | |||
Dhaka | 4547 (45.85) | 5224 (54.15) | 1715 (31.46) | 3543 (68.54) | 2904 (45.37) | 3376 (54.63) | |||
Khulna | 2379 (39.43) | 3621 (60.57) | 1789 (38.55) | 3209 (61.45) | 2413 (41.53) | 3476 (58.47) | |||
Mymenshing | – | – | – | – | 615 (40.01) | 926 (59.99) | |||
Rajshahi | 3315 (47.70) | 3565 (52.30) | 868 (33.37) | 1660 (66.63) | 1804 (46.55) | 1987 (53.45) | |||
Rangpur | – | – | 553 (28.20) | 1317 (71.8) | 1045 (35.25) | 2131 (64.75) | |||
Sylhet | 951 (49.35) | 1008 (50.65) | 492 (46.91) | 532 (53.09) | 548 (23.44) | 1561 (76.56) | |||
Type of place of residence | |||||||||
Rural | 9360 (48.04) | 10,120 (51.96) | 0.000 | 1335 (27.95) | 3321 (72.05) | 0.000 | 2587 (36.58) | 4586 (63.42) | < 0.001 |
Urban | 5513 (39.81) | 8109 (60.19) | 5942 (38.05) | 10,129 (61.95) | 9526 (43.07) | 13,025 (56.93) | |||
Tribal | 287 (45.75) | 454 (54.25) | – | – | – | – | |||
Women Highest educational level | |||||||||
No education | 4208 (57.36) | 3167 (42.64) | 0.000 | 1358 (55.74) | 1169 (44.26) | 0.000 | 1236 (57.52) | 904 (42.48) | < 0.001 |
Primary incomplete | 2535 (51.90) | 2356 (48.10) | 1163 (52.39) | 1169 (47.61) | – | – | |||
Primary complete | 2272 (47.50) | 2520 (52.50) | 1198 (44.92) | 1464 (55.08) | 2911 (54.19) | 2524 (45.81) | |||
Secondary incomplete | 4507 (40.08) | 6710 (59.92) | 2853 (32.54) | 5977 (67.46) | 6515 (42.36) | 9300 (57.64) | |||
Secondary completed or Higher | 1637 (29.71) | 3929 (70.29) | 705 (15.93) | 3671 (84.07) | 1451 (22.87) | 4883 (77.13) | |||
Religion | |||||||||
Islam | 13,264 (45.22) | 15,939 (54.78) | 0.003 | 6450 (35.35) | 11,836 (64.75) | 0.322 | 10,939 (41.61) | 15,617 (58.39) | 0.0229 |
Others | 1896 (41.64) | 2743 (58.36) | 827 (33.62) | 1614 (66.38) | 1174 (38.36) | 1994 (61.64) | |||
Accessibility to mass media | |||||||||
Do not have mass media access | – | – | – | 3842 (45.25) | 9055 (54.75) | 0.000 | 3890 (45.90) | 4648 (54.10) | < 0.001 |
Have mass media access | – | – | 3435 (29.90) | 4395 (70.10) | 8223 (39.68) | 12,963 (60.32) | |||
Husband/partner’s education level | |||||||||
No education | 5463 (52.12) | 5033 (47.88) | 0.000 | 2450 (35.45) | 4423 (64.55) | 0.682 | 3293 (48.37) | 3638 (51.63) | < 0.001 |
Primary | 3756 (47.56) | 4177 (52.44) | 1786 (34.41) | 3429 (65.59) | 3544 (46.03) | 4306 (53.97) | |||
Secondary or Higher | 5856 (38.42) | 9383 (61.58) | 2640 (35.05) | 4909 (64.95) | 3779 (40.23) | 5790 (59.77) | |||
Non-standard curriculum | 36 (45.76) | 47 (54.24) | – | – | 1492 (28.25) | 3873 (71.75) | |||
Wealth Index | |||||||||
Poorest | 1910 (55.46) | 1470 (44.54) | 0.000 | 1185 (48.47) | 1263 (51.53) | 0.000 | 1828 (49.47) | 1923 (50.53) | < 0.001 |
Poorer | 2547 (52.83) | 2332 (47.17) | 1363 (42.89) | 1930 (57.11) | 2431 (48.35) | 2673 (51.65) | |||
Middle | 3240 (48.82) | 3497 (51.18) | 1660 (41.09) | 2581 (58.91) | 2733 (43.96) | 3666 (56.04) | |||
Richer | 3830 (43.39) | 5065 (56.61) | 1691 (34.73) | 3471 (65.27) | 2787 (40.03) | 4468 (59.97) | |||
Richest | 3633 (36.41) | 6319 (63.59) | 1378 (24.78) | 4205 (75.22) | 2334 (33.62) | 4881 (66.38) | |||
Household’s Head Sex | |||||||||
Male | 14,384 (44.92) | 17,662 (55.08) | 0.327 | 5976 (34.65) | 11,279 (65.35) | 0.077 | 11,061 (41.35) | 16,037 (58.65) | 0.704 |
Female | 776 (43.39) | 1021 (56.61) | 905 (37.36) | 1487 (62.64) | 1052 (40.91) | 1574 (59.09) |