Fig. 4

Modulation of proviral gene transcription by combining dCas9 either with transcriptional activators or repressors. A “Shock and kill” approach: dCas9 combined with transcriptional activator SAM is used for activating the latently infected cells. Once activated, the host immune response “kills” the cells. B “Block and lock” approach: dCas9 combined with transcriptional repressor KRAB is responsible for permanently inactivating the proviral gene transcription