Table 4 Factors associated with viral rebound among HIV Patients on treatment
Variable | Viral rebound (n = 115) | cOR (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WHO stage of HIV | |||||
 Stage I | 15 (13.0) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |
 Stage II | 37 (32.2) | 5.26 (2.76–10.04) | < 0.0001 | 7.39 (2.67–20.51) | < 0.0001 |
 Stage III | 60 (52.2) | 7.40 (4.02–13.62) | < 0.0001 | 8.62 (3.16–23.50) | < 0.0001 |
 Stage IV | 3 (2.6) | 3.22 (0.83–12.532) | 0.092 | 4.01 (0.47–34.06) | 0.2040 |
Adherence to ART | |||||
 Good | 20 (17.4) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |
 Fair | 59 (51.3) | 7.78 (4.49–13.49) | < 0.0001 | 8.71 (3.96–19.18) | < 0.0001 |
 Poor | 36 (31.3) | 50.07 (22.21–112.87) | < 0.0001 | 175.48 (44.30–695.07) | < 0.0001 |
Presence of other condition (s) | |||||
 No | 94 (81.7) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |
 Yes | 21 (18.3) | 1.84 (1.05–3.22) | 0.034 | 1.99 (0.77–5.14) | 0.1550 |
Presence of opportunistic infection (s) | |||||
 No | 94 (81.7) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |
 Yes | 21 (18.3) | 2.62 (1.46–4.72) | 0.0010 | 1.23 (0.39–3.90) | 0.7210 |
Baseline suppression category | |||||
 Target not detected | 26 (22.8) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |
 < 20 | 23 (20.2) | 1.69 (0.92–3.09) | 0.0880 | 1.62 (0.65–3.99) | 0.2990 |
 20–49 | 65 (57.0) | 8.25 (4.87–13.98) | < 0.0001 | 6.43 (2.72–15.17) | < 0.0001 |
Ever stopped or changed ARV | |||||
 No | 97 (84.3) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |
 Yes | 18 (15.7) | 2.41 (1.29–4.48) | 0.0060 | 1.61 (0.45–5.73) | 0.4600 |
Common ARV combinations | |||||
 TDF/3TC/EFV | 46 (40.0) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |
 AZT/3TC/EFV | 22 (19.1) | 10.68 (5.17–22.06) | < 0.0001 | 6.49 (1.85–22.79) | 0.0040 |
 TDF/3TC/NVP | 8 (7.0) | 2.91 (1.21–6.99) | 0.0170 | 3.48 (0.53–22.87) | 0.1950 |
 AZT/3TC/NVP | 24 (20.9) | 11.65 (5.70–23.82) | < 0.0001 | 18.68 (1.58–220.90) | 0.0200 |
 TDF/3TC/LPV/r | 8 (7.0) | 3.43 (1.40–8.39) | 0.0070 | 2.26 (0.56–9.19) | 0.2520 |
 TDF/3TC/DTG | 1 (0.9) | 0.35 (0.05–2.64) | 0.3060 | 0.21 (0.02–2.26) | 0.1990 |
Durability of ARV (months) | |||||
 0–6 | 36 (31.3) | 19.41 (4.45–84.76) | < 0.0001 | 8.87 (2.92–31.36) | < 0.0001 |
 7–12 | 34 (29.6) | 8.74 (2.02–37.73) | 0.0040 | 6.70 (2.23–22.91) | < 0.0001 |
 13–24 | 34 (29.6) | 7.36 (1.71–31.73) | 0.0070 | 4.63 (1.34–24.48) | < 0.0001 |
 25–36 | 9 (7.8) | 2.72 (0.57–13.05) | 0.2110 | 3.68 (0.75–13.21) | 0.0940 |
 37–48 | 2 (1.7) | Ref. (1) | – | Ref. (1) | – |