Table 1 The baseline characteristics of patients with paradoxical CM-IRIS or not
Characteristics | Non-CM-IRIS patients (n = 67) | CM-IRIS patients (n = 19) | Statistic | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | ||||
 Male | 59 (88.1) | 18 (94.7) | 0.704 | 0.401 |
 Female | 8 (11.9) | 1 (5.3) | ||
 Age (years) | 35 (28–43) | 28 (25–5) | − 2.194 | 0.028 |
Complication, n (%) | ||||
 Hepatitis | 9 (13.4) | 2 (10.5) | 0.112 | 0.738 |
 Syphilis | 8 (11.9) | 5 (26.3) | 2.384 | 0.123 |
 Tuberculosis | 7 (10.4) | 4 (21.1) | 1.492 | 0.222 |
 Mycotic infection | 5 (26.3) | 25 (37.3) | 0.788 | 0.375 |
 Diabetes | 1 (1.5) | 1 (5.3) | 0.926 | 0.336 |
 Hypertension | 2 (3.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.228 | 0.663 |
Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
 Headache | 60 (89.6) | 17 (89.5) | 0.000 | 0.992 |
 Nausea | 39 (58.2) | 15 (78.9) | 2.725 | 0.099 |
 Vomit | 36 (53.7) | 14 (73.7) | 2.421 | 0.120 |
 Visual impairment | 16 (23.9) | 4 (21.1) | 0.066 | 0.797 |
 Hearing impairment | 4 (6.0) | 2 (10.5) | 0.473 | 0.491 |
 Consciousness disorder | 23 (34.3) | 2 (10.5) | 4.067 | 0.044 |
 Head imaging abnormal, n (%) | 13 (31.0) | 6 (13.6) | 3.743 | 0.053 |
CSF tests | ||||
 CSF WB counts (cells/μL), n (%) | ||||
  < 10 | 10 (14.9) | 2 (10.5) | 4.006 | 0.261 |
  10–49 | 29 (43.3) | 12 (63.2) | ||
  50–200 | 19 (28.4) | 5 (26.3) | ||
  > 200 | 9 (13.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
  CSF protein (mg/dL) | 42.1 (29.4, 72.2) | 33.7 (25.5, 53.9) | − 0.921 | 0.357 |
  CSF glucose (mmol/L) | 2.63 ± 0.11 | 2.82 (1.91, 3.26) | 0.321 | 0.755 |
  CSF chloride (mmol/l) | 120 ± 0.72 | 115.7 (113.2–120) | − 2.353 | 0.019 |
 CSF pressure, (mmH2O), n (%) | ||||
  ≤ 180 | 17 (25.4) | 2 (10.5) | 1.909 | 0.385 |
  181–250 | 14 (20.9) | 5 (26.3) | ||
  > 250 | 36 (53.7) | 12 (63.2) | ||
Blood biochemical tests | ||||
 RBC (1012/L), n (%) | ||||
  < 4.0 | 22 (32.8) | 11 (57.9) | 3.931 | 0.047 |
  ≥ 4.0 | 45 (67.2) | 8 (42.1) | ||
  HGB (g/L) | 124.3 ± 2.6 | 106.2 ± 7.8 | 3.642 | 0.005 |
  WBC (109/L) | 5.14 (3.75, 6.17) | 5.33 (3.62, 7.43) | − 0.645 | 0.519 |
  Neutrophils (109/L) | 4.02 (2.73, 6.31) | 3.62 (1.96, 4.74) | − 1.343 | 0.179 |
  Lymphocyte (109/L) | 0.62 (0.47, 0.90) | 0.68 ± 0.08 | − 0.359 | 0.719 |
  Monocyte (109/L) | 0.35 (0.24, 0.50) | 0.42 ± 0.06 | 0.370 | 0.712 |
  ALT (U/L) | 23.7 (14.7, 38.2) | 18.4 (14.9, 25.5) | − 1.239 | 0.215 |
  AST (U/L) | 21.7 (14.9, 36.8) | 21 (17.3, 28.1) | − 0.005 | 0.996 |
  Albumin (g/L) | 36.19 ± 0.63 | 34.88 ± 1.13 | 0.993 | 0.323 |
  Globulin (g/L) | 36.11 ± 0.86 | 38.45 ± 1.27 | − 1.332 | 0.186 |
  A/G | 1.05 ± 0.04 | 0.92 ± 0.05 | 1.794 | 0.076 |
  CRP (mg/L) | 9.50 (3.00–30.80) | 24.10 (11.40–70.70) | 2.514 | 0.012 |
  ESR (mm/h) | 45.06 ± 3.50 | 60.47 ± 8.18 | − 1.957 | 0.054 |
Immunological detection | ||||
 HIV viral load (copies/mL) | 175,690 (73,200, 377,237) | 87,657 (53,735, 1,076,291) | − 0.161 | 0.872 |
 Initial CD4 cells counts (cells/ul) | 19 (8–34) | 15 (5–25) | − 1.021 | 0.307 |
 CD4 cells counts after ART (cells/ul) | 59 (22–109) | 45 (16–86) | − 0.973 | 0.330 |
Increase in CD4 cell counts, n (%) | ||||
 ≤ 4 folds | 44 (65.7) | 7 (36.8) | 5.098 | 0.024 |
 > 4 folds | 23 (34.3) | 12 (63.2) | ||
Therapeutic schedule, n (%) | ||||
 AmB ± 5FC | 3 (4.5) | 2 (10.5) | 3.481 | 0.481 |
 FLU ± 5FC | 29 (43.3) | 7 (36.8) | ||
 Voriconazole | 6 (9.0) | 1 (5.3) | ||
 Mixed regimens | 23 (34.3) | 5 (26.3) | ||
 Non-standard treatment | 6 (9.0) | 4 (21.1) | ||
Initiate HAART time, n (%) | ||||
 ≤ 4 weeks | 13 (19.4) | 13 (68.4) | 16.862 |  < 0.001 |
 > 4 weeks | 54 (80.6) | 6 (31.6) | ||
ART regimens, n (%) | ||||
 2NRTIs + 1INRTIs | 60 (89.6) | 17 (89.5) | 0.323 | 0.851 |
 2NRTIs + 1PIs | 6 (9.0) | 2 (10.5) | ||
 2NRTIs + 1TNSTIs | 1 (1.4) | NA | ||