From: Routine HIV clinic visit adherence in the African Cohort Study
 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
Age at visit (years) | ||
 18–29 | 3.23 (2.33–4.48) | 2.33 (1.65–3.29) |
 30–39 | 2.26 (1.68–3.02) | 1.59 (1.19–2.13) |
 40–49 | 1.67 (1.25–2.24) | 1.42 (1.07–1.89) |
 50+  | Ref. | – |
Sex | ||
 Male | Ref. | – |
 Female | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 1.17 (0.95–1.44) |
Program site | ||
 Kayunga, Uganda | Ref. | – |
 South Rift Valley, Kenya | 0.62 (0.48–0.80) | 0.78 (0.56–1.10) |
 Kisumu West, Kenya | 0.57 (0.44–0.75) | 0.69 (0.48–1.01) |
 Mbeya, Tanzania | 0.33 (0.23–0.47) | 0.30 (0.19–0.47) |
 Abuja and Lagos Nigeria | 2.14 (1.64–2.80) | 1.53 (1.04–2.27) |
Marital status | ||
 Not married | Ref. | – |
 Married | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) |
Education | ||
 None or some primary | Ref. | – |
 Primary or some secondary | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) | 0.84 (0.67–1.05) |
 Secondary and above | 1.24 (0.99–1.54) | 0.85 (0.64–1.13) |
Employment status | ||
 Unemployed | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | 1.04 (0.81–1.35) |
 Employed | Ref. | – |
Alcohol use | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 1.77 (1.41–2.20) | 1.34 (1.05–1.70) |
Recreational drug use | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 1.65 (0.90–3.03) | 0.97 (0.51–1.85) |
Enough food to eata | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) |
Ever incarcerated | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 1.48 (1.15–1.92) | 1.42 (1.07–1.88) |
Distance to clinic | ||
 < 10 km | Ref. | – |
 10+ km | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) | 1.16 (0.95–1.40) |
Time to clinic | ||
 ≤ 30 min | Ref. | – |
 > 30 min | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.79 (0.67–0.94) |
Waiting time | ||
 Satisfied | Ref. | – |
 Needs to improve | 1.34 (1.03–1.73) | 1.18 (0.87–1.60) |
Depressionb | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 1.83 (1.46–2.28) | 1.47 (1.13–1.91) |
TB diagnosisc | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 0.71 (0.28–1.82) | 0.60 (0.25–1.43) |
Year started ART | ||
 1999–2005 | Ref. | – |
 2006–2010 | 0.85 (0.45–1.60) | 0.80 (0.41–1.55) |
 2011–2015 | 1.58 (0.86–2.92) | 0.90 (0.46–1.78) |
 2016–2019 | 1.39 (0.74–2.64) | 0.79 (0.39–1.62) |
Duration on ART | ||
 < 2 years | Ref. | – |
 ≥ 2 years to < 4 years | 0.85 (0.71–1.02) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) |
 ≥ 4 years | 0.52 (0.43–0.63) | 0.72 (0.55–0.95) |
Experienced HIV stigmad | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 1.68 (1.17–2.42) | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) |
Disclosed HIV statuse | ||
 No | Ref. | – |
 Yes | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) |
Missed days of ART in past month | ||
 No days missed | Ref. | – |
 1–2 days missed | 2.52 (2.03–3.12) | 2.09 (1.65–2.64) |
 3+ days missed | 11.19 (8.86–14.14) | 7.06 (5.43–9.19) |
CD4 count | ||
 < 200 cells/mm3 | 1.81 (1.44–2.27) | 1.28 (1.00–1.66) |
 ≥ 200 cells/mm3 | Ref. | – |
Viral load | ||
 < 1000 copies/mL | Ref. | – |
 ≥ 1000 copies/mL | 3.32 (2.72–4.05) | 2.50 (2.00–3.12) |