Table 1 HIV patients maintained on ART for 5 years retain elevated responses to CMV, but levels of inflammatory biomarkers decline

N

32

32

32

32

Age (years)

31 (27–36)

32 (28–37)

36 (32–41)

36 (32–43)

BMI (kg/m²)

19.7 (18.2–22.4)^b

21.8 (19.9–24.4)^a,b

22.9 (20.9–24.8) ^a,b

25.3 (23.3–27.9)

Smoking [N (%)]

10 (31)

–

13 (41)

8 (25)

12 (38)

–

16 (50)

18 (56)

10 (31)

–

3 (9)

6 (19)

CD4 T-cells/μL

61 (23–105)^b

293 (171–430)^a,b

459 (309–684)^a,b

769 (594–1011)

Cardiovascular measures

 cIMT (mm)

0.58 (0.51– 0.64)^b

0.58 (0.51– 0.70)^b

0.56 (0.44– 0.70)

0.48 (0.45–0.59)

 FMD (%)

–

–

7.42 (4.35–10.89)

8.33 (4.41–14.02)

Plasma biomarkers

 CRP (μg/mL)

1.01 (0.28– 4.24)^b

0.79 (0.40–1.73)^b

0.71 (0.22–1.62)

0.50 (0.13–0.77)

 ICAM-1 (μg/mL)

0.41 (0.30–0.56)^b

0.27 (0.21–0.37)^a,b

0.24 (0.19–0.33)^a

0.20 (0.17–0.25)

 sTNFR (μg/mL)

0.42 (0.33–0.54)^b

0.38 (0.31–0.43)^a

0.35 (0.27–0.46)

0.32 (0.26–0.37)

 Chondroitin sulphate (ng/mL)

69.5 (61–78)^b

63 (58–69.5)^a,b

54.5 (51.5–62)^a

51.5 (48.5–59)

CMV-reactive antibodies

 CMV gB (AU × 10^–3)

11.23 (3.99–29.87)^b

15.42 (8.97–41.08)^a,b

12.64 (8.21–2.15)^b

8.19 (4.21–11.38)

 CMV lysate (AU × 10^–3)

20.77 (7.41–59.65)^b

19.46 (6.58–50.05)^b

18.54 (7.64–44.25)^b

3.09 (1.99–5.80)

 CMV IE-1 (AU × 10^–3)

21.52 (10.63–49.15)

22.22 (11.02–57.29)

14.78 (9.43–33.24)

17.51 (13.16–24.61)