Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population
Baseline Characteristic | ||
Age (years), median (IQR) | 47 (35–57) | |
Male, n (%) | 205 (92.3) | |
Duration of known HIV infection (years), median (IQR) | 5.6 (3.6–8.4) | |
Race, n (%) | ||
Chinese | 176 (79.3) | |
Malay | 32 (14.4) | |
Indian | 12 (5.4) | |
Others | 2 (0.9) | |
HIV Risk Group, n (%) | ||
Heterosexual Contact Only | 96 (43.2) | |
Homosexual Contact Only | 93 (41.9) | |
Bisexual Contact Only | 22 (9.9) | |
Intravenous Drug Use (IDU) Only | 3 (1.4) | |
Others (Heterosexual Contact + IDU, Homosexual Contact + IDU, Bisexual Contact + IDU) | 3 (1.4) | |
Unknown | 5 (2.3) | |
Previous ART, n (%) | ||
Backbone | ||
Tenofovir/Lamivudine or Tenofovir/Emtricitabine | 135 (60.8) | |
Abacavir/Lamivudine | 60 (27.0) | |
Zidovudine/Lamivudine | 23 (10.3) | |
Stavudine/Lamivudine | 4 (1.9) | |
Third Agent | ||
Efavirenz | 94 (42.3) | |
Rilpivirine | 52 (23.4) | |
Atazanavir/ritonavir | 30 (13.5) | |
Nevirapine | 20 (9.0) | |
Raltegravir | 15 (6.8) | |
Darunavir/ritonavir | 5 (2.3) | |
Dolutegravir | 4 (1.8) | |
Lopinavir/ritonavir | 2 (0.9) | |
Reasons for switching to ABC/3TC + RPV, n (%) | ||
Intolerance | 117 (52.7) | |
Cost reduction | 66 (29.7) | |
Simplification of regimen | 52 (23.4) | |
Drug-drug interaction | 5 (2.3) | |
Others | 3 (1.4) | |
Unknown | 31 (14.0) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
Myocardial infarction | 4 (1.8) | |
Ischemic heart disease | 5 (2.3) | |
Other cardiovascular pathologies | 7 (3.2) | |
Hypertension | 39 (17.6) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 18 (8.1) | |
Dyslipidemia | 67 (30.2) | |
Kidney disease | 15 (6.8) | |
Hepatitis B | 7 (3.2) | |
Hepatitis C | 16 (7.2) | |
No. of individuals with 5 or more medications (polypharmacy), n (%) | 63 (28.4) | |
Current smokers, n (%) | 41 (18.5) | |