Skip to main content

Table 4 Factors associated with HIV-1 DNA levels at weeks 96 and 248

From: Early ART-initiation and longer ART duration reduces HIV-1 proviral DNA levels in children from the CHER trial

 

Univariable model

Multivariable model

% change in HIV DNA

β (95% CI)

P-value

% change in HIV DNA

β (95% CI)

P value

a) Factors associated with HIV-1 DNA at week 96

 At ART initiation

   Age (per month older)

11.12

0.11 (0.05, 0.16)

0.0002

–

–

–

   Log10 viral load (copies/ml) (per 10% increase)

− 2.27

− 0.23 (− 0.59, 0.13)

0.2145

   

  Viral load

    <  7,50,000 copies/ml (ref.:  ≥  7,50,000)

12.57

0.12 (− 0.27, 0.51)

0.5504

   

   Time to VL suppression (per month longer)

2.30

0.02 (− 0.05, 0.10)

0.5493

   

   Birthweight (per kg higher)

18.65

0.17 (− 0.29, 0.63)

0.4629

   

   CD4 count (per 500 cell increase)

− 7.63

− 0.08 (− 0.16, 0.00)

0.0549

–

–

–

   CD4% (per 10% increase)

− 10.90

− 0.12 (− 0.33, 0.10)

0.2845

   

   CD8 count (per 500 cell increase)

− 7.19

− 0.07 (− 0.14, − 0.01)

0.0346

− 7.28

− 0.08 (− 0.14, − 0.01)

0.0225

   CD8% (per 10% increase)

2.83

0.03 (− 0.14, 0.20)

0.7471

   

  Gender

    Male (ref.: female)

− 6.62

− 0.07 (− 0.46, 0.32)

0.7282

   

  CDC stage

    A (ref.: N)

− 13.69

− 0.15 (− 0.77, 0.48)

0.6414

− 2.51

− 0.03 (− 0.61, 0.56)

0.9319

    B (ref.: N)

− 60.08

− 0.92 (− 1.72, − 0.12)

0.0247

− 56.64

− 0.84 (− 1.58, − 0.09)

0.0287

  Site

   KIDCRU (ref.: PHRU)

6.64

0.06 (− 0.36, 0.49)

0.7660

   

  Cytomegalovirus serology

    Positive (ref.: negative)

− 9.13

− 0.10 (− 0.59, 0.40)

0.7005

   

    No sample/missing (ref.: negative)

8.38

0.08 (− 0.44, 0.60)

0.7586

   

  Child PMTCT

    Yes (ref.: no)

19.45

0.18 (− 0.40, 0.76)

0.5438

   

    Unknown (ref.: no)

8.92

0.09 (− 1.09, 1.26)

0.8856

   

  Mother PMTCT

    Yes (ref.: no)

− 5.09

− 0.05 (− 0.69, 0.58)

0.8705

   

  At week 84

   Log10 anti-gp120 IgG (per 10% increase)

1.77

0.18 (− 0.01, 0.36)

0.0612

–

–

–

  HIV-1 serology

   Positive (ref.: negative)

37.79

0.32 (− 0.10, 0.74)

0.1298

   

   Not determined (ref.: negative)

67.56

0.52 (− 0.22, 1.25)

0.1654

   

 Duration of ART by week 96 (per year longer)

− 70.15

− 1.21 (− 1.87, − 0.55)

0.0004

− 70.14

− 1.21 (− 1.85, − 0.57)

0.0003

b) Factors associated with HIV-1 DNA at week 248

 At ART initiation

  Age (per month older)

1.16

0.01 (− 0.02, 0.04)

0.4675

   

  Log10 viral load (copies/ml) (per 10% increase)

1.42

0.14 (− 0.14, 0.43)

0.3273

   

  Viral load

    <  7,50,000 copies/ml (ref.:  ≥  7,50,000)

− 15.38

− 0.17 (− 0.54, 0.21)

0.3803

   

 Time to VL suppression (per month longer)

0.34

0.00 (− 0.07, 0.07)

0.9232

   

  Birthweight (per kg higher)

− 21.08

− 0.24 (− 0.62, 0.15)

0.2283

   

  CD4 count (per 500 cell increase)

4.93

0.05 (− 0.05, 0.14)

0.3223

   

  CD4% (per 10% increase)

14.99

0.14 (− 0.05, 0.33)

0.1505

   

  CD8 count (per 500 cell increase)

− 5.20

− 0.05 (− 0.13, 0.02)

0.1556

− 6.97

− 0.07 (− 0.14, − 0.00)

0.0398

  CD8% (per 10% increase)

− 15.01

− 0.16 (− 0.32, − 0.00)

0.0489

–

–

–

  Gender

    Male (ref.: female)

− 21.86

− 0.25 (− 0.62, 0.13)

0.1940

   

   CDC stage

    A (ref.: N)

− 30.85

− 0.37 (− 0.85, 0.11)

0.1286

   

    B (ref.: N)

− 30.97

− 0.37 (− 1.16, 0.42)

0.3567

   

   Site

    KIDCRU (ref.: PHRU)

− 35.52

− 0.44 (− 0.81, − 0.06)

0.0219

− 40.25

− 0.52 (− 0.85, − 0.18)

0.0031

   Cytomegalovirus serology

    Positive (ref.: negative)

− 19.03

− 0.21 (− 0.74, 0.31)

0.4291

   

    No sample/missing (ref.: negative)

31.86

0.28 (− 0.21, 0.77)

0.2667

   

   Child PMTCT

    Yes (ref.: no)

− 39.28

− 0.50 (− 1.03, 0.03)

0.0658

–

–

–

    Unknown (ref.: no)

− 25.04

− 0.29 (− 1.39, 0.81)

0.6050

–

–

–

   Mother PMTCT

    Yes (ref.: no)

− 13.90

− 0.15 (− 0.70, 0.40)

0.5944

   

  At week 84

   Log10 anti-gp120 IgG (per 10% increase)

3.08

0.31 (0.07, 0.55)

0.0131

–

–

–

  HIV-1 serology

   Positive (ref.: negative)

64.24

0.50 (− 0.08, 1.07)

0.0911

106.59

0.73 (0.23, 1.22)

0.0042

   Not determined (ref.: negative)

60.24

0.47 (− 0.09, 1.03)

0.0981

90.99

0.65 (0.16, 1.13)

0.0093

  Duration of ART by week 248 (per year longer)

− 36.27

− 0.45 (− 0.68, − 0.22)

0.0002

− 30.01

− 0.36 (− 0.57, − 0.15)

0.0011

  Duration of VL suppression by week 248 (per year longer)

− 30.16

− 0.36 (− 0.53, − 0.19)

4.4E-05

–

–

–

  1. Factors that remained significant p < 0.05 are in bold
  2. At w96, HIV-1 DNA was measured in 44 ART-Def and 73 ART-96 W children. At w248, HIV-1 DNA was measured in 70 ART-Def, 56 ART-40 W and 43 ART-96 W arms. Factors significantly associated with HIV-1 DNA in univariable analyses were included in the multivariable (adjusted) analysis
  3. Age at ART start was not fitted in the multivariable model due to multicollinearity with duration of ART by w96
  4. Duration of VL suppression by w248 was not fitted in the multivariable model due to multicollinearity with duration of ART by w248
  5. Not determined: these are samples not tested including ART-40 W and some not tested in ART-Def and ART-90 W (see Table 3 for numbers)
  6. VL viral load; CDC Centre for Disease Control; KIDCRU Children’s Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Cape Town; PHRU Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg; PMTCT Prevention of mother to child transmission; β regression coefficient estimates; 95% CI 95% confidence interval of β; % change in HIV-1 DNA a unit change in factors investigated is associated with a Y% change in HIV-1 DNA, e.g., a month increase in age at ART start is associated with a 11.12% increase in HIV-1 DNA (univariable model)
Back to article page

AIDS Research and Therapy

ISSN: 1742-6405

Contact us