Table 2 Associations between baseline variables and mental health problems at Month 12 (among those who completed all three surveys: baseline, Month 6, and Month 12, n = 300)
Variables | Probable depression | Moderate/severe anxiety | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Row% | ORu (95% CI) | Row% | ORu (95% CI) | |
Background characteristics | ||||
 Age (years) | ||||
  18– | 16.9 | 1.00 | 13.8 | 1.00 |
  25– | 9.8 | 0.53 (0.22, 1.28) | 5.3 | 0.35 (0.12, 0.97)* |
  35– | 17.1 | 1.02 (0.41, 2.53) | 11.4 | 0.80 (0.28, 2.24) |
  45– | 18.8 | 1.13 (0.36, 3.33) | 6.2 | 0.41 (0.06, 1.74) |
 Sex | ||||
  Female | 36.8 | 1.00 | 21.1 | 1.00 |
  Male | 12.5 | 0.24 (0.09, 0.69)** | 7.8 | 0.32 (0.10, 1.19)†|
 Education | ||||
  Primary school and below | 16.5 | 1.00 | 8.8 | 1.00 |
  Junior or senior high | 14.6 | 0.87 (0.37, 1.98) | 13.4 | 1.61 (0.62, 4.36) |
  College and above | 11.8 | 0.68 (0.31, 1.48) | 5.5 | 0.61 (0.20, 1.75) |
 Current marital status | ||||
  Married or cohabiting with a partner | 14.4 | 1.00 | 10.6 | 1.00 |
  Single | 14.4 | 1.00 (0.50, 2.04) | 7.8 | 0.71 (0.31, 1.69) |
  Other | 10.3 | 0.68 (0.15, 2.28) | 6.9 | 0.63 (0.09, 2.52) |
 Monthly personal income in RMB (USD) | ||||
  No fixed income | 18.0 | 1.00 | 14.0 | 1.00 |
  < 3000 (< 433 USD) | 17.1 | 0.94 (0.37, 2.50) | 12.9 | 0.91 (0.31, 2.71) |
  3000-(433-USD) | 14.8 | 0.79 (0.33, 2.01) | 7.4 | 0.49 (0.17, 1.48) |
  5000-(722-USD) | 6.9 | 0.34 (0.10, 1.05)†| 2.8 | 0.18 (0.03, 0.77)* |
 Employment status | ||||
  Full-time | 13.0 | 1.00 | 7.9 | 1.00 |
  Part-time/unemployed/retired/student | 15.4 | 1.22 (0.63, 2.36) | 9.8 | 1.26 (0.55, 2.83) |
 City of permanent residence | ||||
  Guangzhou | 8.7 | 1.00 | 5.8 | 1.00 |
  Other cities | 15.6 | 1.94 (0.83, 5.3) | 9.5 | 1.71 (0.63, 6.01) |
HIV/AIDS-related characteristics | ||||
 Presence of AIDS-related symptoms | ||||
  No | 14.8 | 1.00 | 9.5 | 1.00 |
  Yes | 12.6 | 0.83 (0.41, 1.64) | 7.2 | 0.74 (0.29, 1.71) |
 CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) | ||||
  < 200 | 12.8 | 1.00 | 10.3 | 1.00 |
  200– | 15.6 | 1.25 (0.57, 2.92) | 8.9 | 0.85 (0.34, 2.27) |
  350– | 10.2 | 0.77 (0.25, 2.21) | 6.8 | 0.64 (0.16, 2.13) |
  500– | 17.9 | 1.48 (0.42, 4.63) | 7.1 | 0.67 (0.10, 2.90) |
 Route of HIV transmission | ||||
  Sexual behavior with same-sex partner | 12.0 | 1.00 | 8.4 | 1.00 |
  Sexual behavior with opposite-sex partner | 15.3 | 1.31 (0.55, 2.94) | 6.8 | 0.80 (0.22, 2.28) |
  Other routes# | 14.3 | 1.22 (0.18, 4.84) | 7.1 | 0.84 (0.04, 4.66) |
  Not sure | 22.2 | 2.09 (0.81, 4.98) | 13.9 | 1.76 (0.55, 4.88) |
 ART regimen | ||||
  Tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz | 13.7 | 1.00 | 8.2 | 1.00 |
  Other | 15.6 | 1.16 (0.45, 2.66) | 11.1 | 1.39 (0.45, 3.65) |
Psychosocial status | ||||
 Social support (\(\overline{x} \pm {\text{s}}\)) (range 1–7) | ||||
  Family | N.A | 0.98 (0.79, 1.24) | N.A | 0.83 (0.64, 1.09) |
  Friends | N.A | 0.71 (0.57, 0.90)** | N.A | 0.61 (0.46, 0.81)*** |
  Significant others | N.A | 0.71 (0.55, 0.91)** | N.A | 0.76 (0.56, 1.03)†|
Social stigma (\(\overline{x} \pm {\text{s}}\)) (range 13–52) | N.A | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12)* | N.A | 1.08 (1.02, 1.15)** |
Mental health problems | ||||
 Probable depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) | 30.4 | 4.37 (2.21, 8.69)*** | 14.5 | 2.28 (0.95, 5.22)†|
 Moderate/severe anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 10) | 25.0 | 2.42 (1.07, 5.17)* | 15.9 | 2.36 (0.87, 5.79)†|