Table 1 Beliefs about gender roles were measured using an eight-item index with four-level response options

1

Men have many lovers because it is in their nature to do so

1

2

3

4

2

Men have lovers to get energy to satisfy their primary partners

1

2

3

4

3

Women these days say that they need to have more than one sex partner

1

2

3

4

4

Men feel ashamed of their wives and want young lovers to take around to their friends

1

2

3

4

5

If men do not have lovers their friends laugh at them

1

2

3

4

6

Women who are financially independent do not want to commit themselves to one relationship

1

2

3

4

7

The families of young people who work do not want them to get married because they are afraid to lose their income

1

2

3

4

8

Men often force women in subtle ways to have sex with them even if they do not want to

1

2

3

4