Table 1 Summary of actinomycosis and its clinical management in patient living with HIV/AIDS patient, reported in English-language literature
From: Primary cutaneous actinomycosis: a diagnosis consideration in people living with HIV/AIDS
S. no | References | CD4 count/µL | Surgical intervention | Antimicrobial therapy | Treatment duration | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cervicofacial actinomycosis | ||||||
1 | Yeager et al. [9] | NA | Not done | Penicillin G (IV) + oral penicillin | Penicillin-G = 6 weeks; oral penicillin = 3 months | Cured |
2 | Watkins et al. [10] | NA | Edematous soft tissue and sequestrum were removed | Penicillin G (IV) | 6 weeks | Cured |
3 | Manfredi et al. [11] | case 1(11); case 2(4) | Surgical debridement of tissue | Itraconazole + ceftazidime + netilmicin | Few weeks | Died |
4 | Kingdom et al. [12] | 499 | Not done | Oral penicillin | 3 months | Cured |
5 | Manfredi et al. [13] | (case 1)9 | Surgical debridement of tissue | Fluconazole. Ceftriaxone, netilmicin, itraconazole and ceftazidime | Few days | Died |
(case 2)2 | Surgical debridement of tissue | Fluconazole, ceftriaxone, netilmicin, itraconazole, piperacillin and clindamycin | 45 days | Died | ||
6 | Vazquez et al. [14] | 480 | Surgical incision of the tissue | Oral amoxycillin | 3 weeks | Cured |
7 | Spadari et al. [15] | NA | Not done | Oral doxycycline (patient was penicillin allergic) | 2 months | Died |
8 | Yuria et al. [16] | 63 | Not done | Intravenous ampicillin | 2 weeks | Cured |
9 | Sudhakar et al. [17] | 82 | Not done | Ampicillin salbactam (IV) + amoxycillin–clavulanic acid | Ampicillin salbactam (IV) = 4 days; amoxycillin–clavulanic acid = 5 days | Cured |
10 | Klein et al. [18] | 367 | Removed maxillary bone sequestration | Penicillin G (IV) + amoxycillin | Penicillin G (IV) = 3 weeks; oral amoxicillin = 6 months | Cured |
Thoracic actinomycosis | ||||||
11 | Cendan et al. [19] | NA | Not done | Penicillin G | 4 weeks | Died |
Pulmonary actinomycosis | ||||||
12 | Tabarsi et al. [20] | NA | Upper lobectomy | Oral penicillin; clindamycin, metronidazole, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX) and ceftriaxone were added to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) | 6 months | Cured |
Gastro interstinal actinomycosis | ||||||
13 | Spencer et al. [21] | NA | Not done | Antacids and ketoconazole | Not described | Cured |
14 | Litt et al. [22] | 100 | Not done | Oral penicillin | 5 months | Cured |
15 | Arora et al. [23] | 4 | Not done | Intravenous penicillin + fluconazole | 4 weeks | Died with other cause |
16 | Redelman et al. [24] | 22 | Not done | Doxycycline (IV) (the patient was allergic to penicillin) | 4 months | Died with other cause |
Primary cutaneous actinomycosis (lower extermities) | ||||||
17 | Gomes et al. [25] | 123 | Wound debridement | Trimethoprim + sulfomethoxazole + ART (emtricitabina + tenofovir, ritonavir, and darunavir) | 4 months | Cured |