Table 6 Bivariate and multivariable analysis of factors associated with HR-HPV infection
Factors | HIV-MSM with HR-HPV (n = 117) | HIV-MSM without HR-HPV (n = 43) | p* | RR; (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age; mean years (±SD) | 36.3 (9.7) | 42.1 (10.4) | 0.001 | 0.98; (0.96–0.99) |
Age ≥ 50 years, n (%) | 12 (10.3) | 11 (25.6) | 0.014 | |
University education, n (%) | 68 (58.1) | 19 (44.1) | 0.2 | |
Partners in the previous 12 months; median (IQR) | 1 (1–5) | 1 (0.75–4.25) | 0.24 | |
Life-time partners; median (IQR) | 80 (25–300) | 50 (19–212.5) | 0.38 | |
Time since commencement of sexual activity (years); median (IQR) | 17 (9–24) | 21 (13–27) | 0.036 | 1.35; (1.001–1.811) |
Condom use, n (%) | 96 (82.1) | 29 (67.4) | 0.048 | 1.14; (0.857–1.509) |
% condom use; median (IQR) | 100 (70–100) | 98 (0–100) | 0.066 | |
Perianal/genital warts, n (%) | 31 (26.5) | 16 (37.2) | 0.19 | 1.57; (0.466–1.716) |
History of warts, n (%) | 34 (29.1) | 13 (30.2) | 0.8 | |
Smoking, packets/year; median (IQR) | 1.8 (0–12) | 0.7 (0–16) | 0.8 | |
21 (17.9) | 7 (16.3) | 0.8 | ||
Ex-smoker, n (%) | 1 (0.85) | 0 (0) | 1 | |
Ex-IVDA, n (%) | 0.14 (0–1) | 0 (0–1.3) | 0.66 | |
Duration of HIV; mean (IQR) | 54 (19–118) | 74 (49.2–139.7) | 0.002 | 0.998; (0.995–1.002) |
CD4 mean nadir; cells/µL (± SD) | 345.9 (±217.9) | 323.1 (±164.5) | 0.54 | |
Treatment naïve | 12 (10.3) | 2 (4.6) | 0.35 | 1.33; (0,99–1.77) |
VL of HIV, log10 (±SD) | 3.8 (±4.5) | 3.4 (±4.2) | 0.8 | |
VL <50 copies/mL, n (%) | 90 (76.9) | 39 (90.7) | 0.051 | |
VL ≥200 copies/mL, n (%) | 21 (17.9) | 1 (2.3) | 0.01 | 1.42; (1.172–1.732) |
CD4 mean; cells/µL, (±SD) | 683.7 (±263.6) | 717.3 (±228.3) | 0.46 | |
CD8 mean; cells/µL (±SD) | 984.1 (±407.2) | 996.9 (±402.7) | 0.86 | |
Prior AIDS diagnosis; n (%) | 33 (28.2) | 11 (25.6) | 0.74 | |
Median duration of ART; months (IQR) | 28 (10–95) | 60.5 (31.5–124.5) | 0.08 | 1.002; (0.998–1.005) |
1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.59 | ||
Syphilis, n (%) | 28 (23.9) | 7 (16.2) | 0.29 | |
Others STD, n (%) | 22 (18.8) | 7 (16.3) | 0.8 | |
HCV, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 1 (2.3) | 1 | |
HBV, n (%) | 1 (0.85) | 2 (4.6) | 0.49 |