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Table 1 Maternal characteristics and risk factors by maternal HIV status

From: The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use

 

HIV negative

HIV positive

Total

p value

N = 556

%

N = 131

%

N = 667

%

Socio-economic status

      

<0.000

 Low

125

23.32

53

40.46

178

26.69

 

 Low-moderate

101

18.84

34

25.95

135

20.24

 

 Moderate-high

157

29.29

27

20.61

184

27.59

 

 High

153

28.54

17

12.98

170

25.49

 

Depression

      

<0.095

 Minimal

244

45.52

54

41.22

298

44.68

 

 Mild

137

25.56

30

22.90

167

25.04

 

 Moderate

120

22.39

30

22.90

150

22.49

 

 High

35

6.53

17

12.98

52

7.80

 

Lifetime alcohol use

 Yes

261

48.88

19

14.62

280

42.17

<0.000

Past 3-month alcohol use severity score

      

<0.020

 None

422

75.90

117

89.31

539

78.46

 

 Light

71

12.77

3

2.29

74

10.77

 

 Moderate

47

8.45

6

4.58

53

7.71

 

 Heavy

16

2.88

5

3.82

21

3.06

 

Smoking (Cotinine)

 Yes

183

35.06

30

23.08

213

32.67

<0.009