Table 3 Alcohol use, STI symptoms and HIV infections
Authors | Sample | Alcohol patterns measurements | Alcohol-related sexual risks | Association: alcohol use and sexual risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Surrat [33] | 101 Female migrant sex workers Mean age: 31 Cross-sectional/global association study USA Virgin Island | Life time alcohol use | STI | Migrant female workers also disclosed alcohol consumers were much more likely to report current STI symptoms than non-drinkers (OR 4.97 CI 1.51–16.20 p < 0.01) |
Zuma et al. [34] | 835 Female circular migrant women Cross-sectional/global association study South Africa | Frequency of alcohol use | HIV prevalence | Findings of this study showed that drinking alcohol at least once a day over a 4 week period was associated with HIV prevalence (OR 1.92 CI 1.57–3.19) p < 0.011) |
Nichols et al. [36] | Predominantly Male work migrants; N = 9 neighborhoods in the town Ecological study Namibia | Visiting of registered and unregistered drinking establishments | HIV infection | Increased prevalence of HIV was observed in neighbourhoods with high density of drinking establishments compared to those with a low density. This connection was even stronger when there was a high prevalence of unregistered drinking establishments known as shebeens (OR 3.02, CI 2.04-4.47; OR 1.71, CI 1.4; OR 1.55, CI 1.19–2.02) |
Wilson et al. [32] | 128 male Mexican immigrants Age: 18–60 Cross-sectional study/global studies USA | Frequency of alcohol use | Sex with FSWs and STIs | Immigrant Latino men who consumed alcohol 5 or more days per week had higher odds of reporting STIs (38 vs. 7.1 %, OR 7.8 CI 2.19–27.80, p < 0.002) than those who consumed alcohol less than 5 days a week |