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Table 1 Demographics, HIV information and CVD risk factors in ART treated HIV infected participants by gender

From: Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in people with HIV infection treated with ART in rural South Africa: a cross sectional study

 

All participants N = 214, n (%)

Females N = 171, n (%)

Males N = 43, n (%)

P-value

Demographics

 Age (years)

44.8 ± 11.8

43.5 ± 11.6

49.9 ± 11.1

0.001

 Unmarried

164 (76.6)

137 (80.1)

27 (62.8)

0.03

 Secondary education

98 (45.8)

83 (48.5)

15 (34.9)

0.12

 Unemployed

149 (69.6)

129 (75.4)

20 (46.5)

0.001

HIV information

 CD4 count (cells/mm3)

461.9 ± 235.3

485.5 ± 234.1

364.3 ± 216.6

0.001

 Viral load (copies/ml)

≤50

≤50

≤50

0.14

 Mean duration of ART in months (N = 200)

36.1 ± 24.4

37.0 ± 24.3

32.5 ± 24.6

0.31

 NVP (NNRTI)-based ART*

25 (12.5)

22 (13.8)

3 (7.5)

 

 EFV (NNRTI)-based ART

172 (86)

136 (85.0)

36 (90.0)

 

 Alluvia (PI)-based ART

3 (1.5)

2 (1.3)

1 (2.5)

 

CVD risk factors

 Tobacco use

45 (21.1)

28 (16.5)

17 (39.5)

0.001

 

47 (22.0)

29 (17 %)

18 (41.9 %)

0.001

 Alcohol use

 Physical activity <600 MET-min/wk)

38 (24.2)

37 (29.1 %)

1 (3.3 %)

0.002

 Fruit and vegetables intake (<5 servings/day)

150 (95.5)

121 (95.3)

29 (96.7)

1.00

 Obesity

27 (12.7)

25 (14.6)

2 (4.8)

0.12

 Abdominal obesity

51 (23.9)

44 (25.9)

7 (16.3)

0.23

 Hypertension

56 (26.2)

40 (23.4)

16 (37.2)

0.08

 Diabetes

10 (4.7)

6 (3.5)

4 (9.3)

0.12

 Low HDL

91 (43.8)

71 (42.3)

20 (50.0)

0.38

 Hypercholesterolaemia

69 (33.2)

58 (34.5)

11 (27.5)

0.46

 Hypertriglyceridaemia

35 (16.8)

21 (12.5)

14 (35.0)

0.001

 TC/HDL (≥5)

28 (13.5)

17 (10.1)

11 (27.5)

0.01

 High TG/HDL-C (≥1.49)

38 (18.3)

23 (13.7)

15 (37.5)

0.001

 ApoB/ApoA (≥0.68)

93 (45.4)

74 (44.8)

19 (47.5)

0.86

 Metabolic syndrome

20 (9.6)

15 (8.9)

5 (12.5)

0.56

  1. Diabetes—glucose >7 mmol/l and/or history of diabetes, hypertension—systolic blood pressure >140 and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 or history of high blood pressure, abdominal obesity—waist circumference >88 cm for females and >102 cm for males, obesity—body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, low HDL ≤1.3 for females and 1.1 for males, hypercholesterolaemia—TC ≥ 5 mmol/l, hypertriglyceridaemia—TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/l, high TC/HDL-C >5, TG/HDL-C ≥ 1.49, high ApoB/ApoA >0.68
  2. * ART information was available for 200 participants
  3. ART antiretroviral therapy, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, NVP nevirapine, EFV efavirenz, CVD cardiovascular disease, ApoB apolipoprotein B, Apo A apolipoprotein A, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol. MET-min/wk metabolic equivalent of task-minutes/week