Skip to main content

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics and genotype antiretroviral resistance test profile of the 152 patients when starting salvage ART

From: Third-line antiretroviral therapy in Africa: effectiveness in a Southern African retrospective cohort study

Characteristic

Number (%) or median (IQR)

Demographic

 Female gender

75 (49 %)

 Age (years)

44 (39.8–48)

Clinical

 CD4 count when initially started ART (cells/mm3) (n = 109)

102 (31–186)

 HIV VL when initially started ART (copies/ml) (n = 100)

176,893 (73,425–500,000)

 CD4 count when started salvage ART (cells/mm3) (n = 152)

153 (41–329)

 HIV VL when started salvage ART (copies/ml) (n = 152)

82,831 (20,060–233,778)

 Number of ART regimens prior to salvage ART

3 (3–4)

 Known to have originally initiated ART with dual NRTI regimen

53 (34.9 %)

 Duration of ART exposure prior to salvage ART (years) (n = 122)a

8.9 (6.9–10.4)

 Duration of PI exposure prior to salvage ART (years) (n = 148)b

5.1 (3.4–7.2)

Genotype antiretroviral resistance test (GART)c

 Thymidine analogue mutationsd, e

  0

45 (30 %)

  1–2

35 (23 %)

  ≥3

72 (47 %)

 Major protease inhibitor mutationsf

  1–2

38 (25 %)

  ≥3

114 (75 %)

 Stanford resistance scores

  Lopinavir

70 (40–90)

  Darunavir

10 (0–20)

  Etravirineg

5 (0–15)

  Lopinavir score > 29 (intermediate/high level resistance)

136 (89.5 %)

  Lopinavir score > 59 (high level resistance)

88 (57.9 %)

  Darunavir score > 29 (intermediate/high level resistance)

14 (9.2 %)

  Darunavir score > 59 (high level resistance)

0 (0.0 %)

  Etravirine score > 29 (intermediate/high level resistance)

28 (18.4 %)

  Etravirine score > 59 (high level resistance)


7 (4.6 %)

  1. 147 were treated in South Africa, 4 in Swaziland and 1 in Namibia
  2. ART antiretroviral therapy, IQR interquartile range; NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI protease inhibitor, VL viral load
  3. aIn 30 insufficient data on ART history was available to calculate ART duration
  4. bIn 4 insufficient data on PI history was available to calculate ART duration
  5. cIf a patient had more than one GART, then resistance mutations detected in any GART were included in these analyses
  6. dThymidine analogue mutations were defined as: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E
  7. eOther major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations present were: M184V (n = 84), K65R (n = 7), L74V (n = 11), Q151M (n = 4) and T69 insertion (n = 1)
  8. fMajor protease inhibitor mutations were defined as: D30N, V32I, M46I/L, I47V/A, G48V/M/A/S/T/Q/L, I50L/V, I54V/T/A/S/L/M, L76V, V82A/C/T/S/F/L/M, I84V/A/C, N88S/T/G and L90M
  9. gFew patients were taking non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs at the time the pre-salvage GART was performed