Variable | Total N | Participants in VL sub-study | p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (NÂ =Â 2540) | Yes (NÂ =Â 805) | |||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | |||
Clinical outcomes | 3345 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Survived and retained in care |  | 1525 | (60) | 797 | (99) |  |
 Dead |  | 577 | (23) | 0 | (0) |  |
 Lost to follow-up |  | 283 | (11) | 2 | (0) |  |
 Transferred out |  | 155 | (6) | 6 | (1) |  |
Gender | 3345 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Female |  | 1757 | (69) | 623 | (77) |  |
 Male |  | 783 | (31) | 182 | (23) |  |
CD4 at ART initiation | 3099 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 <50 |  | 429 | (18) | 55 | (7) |  |
 50–199 |  | 958 | (42) | 278 | (35) |  |
 ≥200 |  | 915 | (40) | 464 | (58) |  |
Hemoglobin count of participant at ARV initiation or clinical visit | 2222 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.025 |
 <8 |  | 71 | (4) | 13 | (2) |  |
 ≥8 |  | 1574 | (96) | 564 | (98) |  |
WHO stage | 2829 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.749 |
 Stage 1 |  | 40 | (2) | 10 | (1) |  |
 Stage 2 |  | 992 | (47) | 359 | (49) |  |
 Stage 3 |  | 913 | (44) | 318 | (43) |  |
 Stage 4 |  | 147 | (7) | 50 | (7) |  |
Occupation | 2920 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.384 |
 Casual labourer |  | 202 | (9) | 59 | (9) |  |
 Paid employee |  | 187 | (8) | 48 | (7) |  |
 Peasant |  | 940 | (41) | 268 | (41) |  |
 Vendor/business person |  | 321 | (14) | 98 | 15) |  |
 Other |  | 246 | (11) | 61 | (9) |  |
 None |  | 401 | (17) | 89 | (14) |  |
Education level | 2920 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.092 |
 None/preprimary/other |  | 382 | (17) | 100 | (16) |  |
 Some primary |  | 1294 | (56) | 324 | (52) |  |
 Some secondary |  | 545 | (24) | 174 | (28) |  |
 Higher education |  | 75 | (3) | 26 | (4) |  |
First ARV regimen | 3076 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 Efavirenz/Zidovudine/Lamivudine |  | 233 | (10) | 90 | (11) |  |
 Efavirenz/Stavudine/Lamivudine |  | 136 | (10) | 64 | (8) |  |
 Nevirapine/Stavudine/Lamivudine |  | 688 | (30) | 262 | (33) |  |
 Nevirapine/Zidovudine/Lamivudine |  | 1034 | (45) | 327 | (42) |  |
 Other ARV regimen |  | 198 | (7) | 44 | (6) |  |
Year of ART initiation | 3345 | 2006 | (2006–2008) | 2006 | (2005–2007) | <0.001 |