Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
N missing | All patients | Quality of Lifea | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poor (≤50% visual score) | High (>50% visual score) | ||||
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |||
N = 194 | N = 93 | N = 95 | |||
Patient characteristics | |||||
Sex female, n (%) | 88.0 (45.4) | 50 (53.8) | 34 (35.8) | 0.013* | |
Age (years) | 50.0 (44.0–55.0) | 48.0 (43.0–52.0) | 51.0 (45.0–59.0) | 0.008* | |
Ethnicity | 45 | 0.005* | |||
Caucasians n (%) | 108 (72.5) | 42 (61.8) | 62 (82.7) | ||
Africans n (%) | 29 (19.5) | 21 (30.9) | 7 (9.3) | ||
Others n (%) | 12 (8.0) | 5 (7.3) | 6 (8.0) | ||
Waist/hip ratio | 9 | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.105 |
VAT/SAT ratiob,c | 9 | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.009* |
Body mass index (kg/m2)d | 1 | 24.0 (22.0–27.0) | 24.0 (22.0–27.0) | 24.0 (22.0–26.0) | 0.547 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.3 (0.9–2.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.4 (1.0–2.4) | 0.252 | |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.1 (4.4–5.7) | 5.0 (4.3–5.7) | 5.1 (4.7–5.9) | 0.105 | |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 0.795 | |
HIV characteristics | |||||
HIV duration (years) | 20 | 17.0 (11.0–22.0) | 15.5 (10.0–21.0) | 18.5 (12.0–22.0) | 0.099 |
CDC HIV stagee | 14 | 0.362 | |||
A, n (%) | 85.0 (47.2) | 36.0 (41.9) | 46.0 (52.3) | ||
B, n (%) | 33.0 (18.3) | 16.0 (18.6) | 15.0 (17.0) | ||
C, n (%) | 62.0 (34.4) | 34.0 (39.5) | 27.0 (30.7) | ||
CD4 (cells/mm3) | 4 | 569.0 (403.0–710.0) | 612.0 (411.5–752.0) | 533.5 (394.0–700.0) | 0.116 |
HIV viral load (copy/ml) | 2 | 20.0 (20.0–40.0) | 20.0 (20.0–40.0) | 20 (20.0–40.0) | 0.495 |
Antiretroviral therapy, n (%) | 192.0 (99.0) | 92.0 (98.9) | 94.0 (98.9) | 0.988 | |
Protease inhibitors containing, n (%) | 1 | 97.0 (50.5) | 42.0 (46.1) | 51.0 (54.3) | 0.271 |
Integrase inhibitor containing, n (%) | 1 | 41.0 (21.3) | 17.0 (18.7) | 24.0 (25.5) | 0.262 |
NRTIe containing, n (%) | 1 | 170.0 (88.5) | 83.0 (91.2) | 81.0 (86.2) | 0.280 |
NNRTIf containing, n (%) | 1 | 84.0 (43.7) | 42.0 (46.1) | 41.0 (43.6) | 0.729 |
Efavirenz, n (%) | 1 | 36.0 (18.6) | 20.0 (22.0) | 15.0 (16.0) | 0.296 |
Etravirine, n (%) | 1 | 34.0 (17.6) | 16.0 (17.6) | 18.0 (19.1) | 0.783 |
Nevirapine, n (%) | 1 | 14.0 (7.2) | 6.0 (6.6) | 8.0 (8.5) | 0.622 |
Other regimens, n (%) | 1 | 7.0 (3.6) | 2.0 (2.1) | 5.0 (5.5) | 0.230 |
Questionnaire assessments | |||||
Depression (BDI score)g | 3 | 0.001* | |||
Absent/very subtle (≤10 points), n (%) | 61 (31.9) | 11.0 (11.8) | 50.0 (52.6) | ||
Subtle (11–18 points), n (%) | 62 (32.5) | 30.0 (32.3) | 31.0 (32.6) | ||
Moderate (19–29 points), n (%) | 45 (23.6) | 31.0 (33.3) | 12.0 (12.6) | ||
Severe/very severe (≥30 points), n (%) | 23 (12.0) | 21.0 (22.6) | 2.0 (2.1) | ||
Anxiety (STAI-Y-B score)g | 3 | 0.001* | |||
Absent/very subtle (≤35 points), n (%) | 35.0 (18.3) | 3.0 (3.2) | 32.0 (34.0) | ||
Subtle (36–45 points), n (%) | 57.0 (29.8) | 19.0 (20.4) | 36.0 (38.3) | ||
Moderate (46–55 points), n (%) | 53.0 (27.8) | 34.0 (36.6) | 19.0 (20.2) | ||
Severe/very severe (≥56 points), n (%) | 46.0 (24.1) | 31.0 (33.3) | 6.0 (6.4) | ||
Lipodystrophy (LDCD score)i | 59 | ||||
Absent/very subtle (≤9.9 points), n (%) | 57.0 (42.2) | 28.0 (46.7) | 27.0 (38.6) | 0.581 | |
Subtle (10–14.9 points), n (%) | 35.0 (25.9) | 12.0 (20.0) | 22.0 (31.4) | ||
Moderate (15–22.9 points), n (%) | 12.0 (8.9) | 6.0 (10.0) | 5.0 (7.1) | ||
Severe/very severe (≥23 points), n (%) | 31.0 (23.0) | 14.0 (23.3) | 16.0 (22.8) | ||