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Table 3 Socioeconomic factors associated with the nutritional status

From: Nutritional status and its association with quality of life among people living with HIV attending public anti-retroviral therapy sites of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Variables

Categories

Underweight

Well-nourished

Crude OR (95% C.I.)

P-value

Adjusted OR (95% C.I.)

P-Value

n(%) n = 60

n (%) n = 241

Age

≤36 years*

41 (25.8)

118 (74.2)

0.55 (0.28-1.09)

0.088

  
 

>36 years

19 (13.4)

123 (86.6)

1

  

Educational status

Illiterate

22 (32.4)

46 (67.6)

2.45 (1.33-4.54)

0.004

2.31 (1.10-4.82)

0.027

 

Literate

38 (16.3)

195 (83.7)

1

 

Gender

Female

28 (23.9)

89 (76.1)

1.49 (0.85-2.64)

0.235

  
 

Male

32 (17.4)

152 (82.6)

1

  

Marital status

Unmarried

13 (34.2)

25 (65.8)

2.76 (1.36-5.59)

0.005

2.14 (0.94-4.88)

0.701

 

Separated/widowed/divorced

16 (32.0)

34 (68.0)

0.91 (0.31-2.22)

0.827

0.74 (0.24-2.29)

0.603

 

Married

31 (14.6)

182 (85.4)

1

   

Ethnicity

Dalits

6 (10.5)

51 (89.5)

2.42 (0.98-5.98)

0.054

  
 

Non- Dalits

54 (24.1)

190 (75.9)

1

  

Wealth quintile

Middle class

20 (19.6)

82 (80.4)

1.30 (0.65-2.61)

0.458

  
 

Lower class

22 (22.2)

77 (77.8)

1.17 (0.54-2.31)

0.649

  
 

Upper class

18 (18.0)

82 (82.0)

1

   

Religion

Hindu

44 (20.1)

175 (79.9)

0.76 (0.41-1.41)

0.391

  
 

Other than Hindu#

16 (19.5)

66 (79.1)

1

  

Residence

Care homes/Single

16 (41.0)

23 (59.0)

3.45 (1.69-7.05)

0.009

4.47 (1.79-11.15)

0.001

 

Family

44 (16.8)

218 (83.2)

1

  

Alcohol use

No

44 (21.7)

159 (78.3)

0.71 (0.38-1.33)

0.278

  
 

Yes

16 (16.3)

82 (83.7)

1

  

Associated with PLHIV network

No

43 (28.6)

150 (71.4)

1.54 (0.83-2.85)

0.175

  
 

Yes

17 (15.7)

91 (84.3)

1

   

Household food security

Food insecure

24 (33.8)

47 (66.1)

2.75 (1.50-5.05)

0.001

2.89 (1.39-5.95)

0.004

 

Food secure

36 (15.6)

194 (84.3)

1

   

Smoking habits

No

41 (21.6)

149 (78.4)

0.75 (0.41-1.37)

   
 

Yes

19 (17.1)

92 (82.9)

1

  

HIV related factors

Duration from diagnosis

≤12 months

47 (24.7)

143 (75.3)

0.57 (0.32-1.03)

0.062

  
 

>12 months

13 (11.7)

98 (88.3)

1

   

ART

Yes

50 (19.2)

211 (80.8)

0.71 (0.33-1.55)

0.391

  
 

No

10 (25.0)

30 (75.0)

1

   

CD4 count

>350 cells/mm3

17 (10.4)

146 (89.6)

0.26 (0.14-0.48)

0.000

0.26 (0.13-0.56)

0.000

 

≤350 cells/mm3

43 (31.2)

95 (68.8)

1

   

ART duration

≤12 months

16 (21.1)

60 (78.9)

0.914 (0.46-1.81)

0.797

  
 

>12 months

44 (19.6)

181 (80.4)

1

   

TB infection

Yes

17 (40.4)

25 (59.6)

3.42 (1.70-6.86)

0.001

3.16 (1.43-7.01)

0.005

 

No

43 (16.6)

216 (83.4)

1

   

WHO clinical stage

III/IV

41 (29.1)

100 (70.9)

3.04 (1.67-5.55)

0.000

2.09 (1.04-4.21)

0.038

 

I/II

19 (11.9)

141 (88.1)

1

   
  1. 1 = Reference Category.
  2. *Mean value was used.
  3. #Others include Muslim, Christian, Buddhist and Kirat.
  4. Variables (education, age, gender, marital status, residence, OIs, WHO clinical stage, household food security and CD4 cell counts) are adjusted to minimize the effect of possible confounders in multivariate analysis.
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AIDS Research and Therapy

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