Influence of quinacrine and chloroquine on the in vitro 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine antiretroviral effect

Table 1 Viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with PBS, quinacrine, chloroquine or 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine ^a

Drug	Dose (μM)	Treatment		Treatment combined with AZT (0.008 μM)
Drug	Dose (μM)	Cells ^b (mean ± SD)	% of viability	Cells ^b (mean ± SD)	% of viability	(p) ^c
PBS (Control)	-	247 ± 61	87 ± 7	-	-	-
3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine, AZT	0.008	238 ± 70	85 ± 6	-	-	-
Quinacrine, Qc	0.4	213 ± 66	88 ± 8	198 ± 63	90 ± 5	ns
	1	186 ± 96	83 ± 14	208 ± 60	86 ± 7	ns
	5	139 ± 69	71 ± 17^d	126 ± 59	71 ± 12	ns
Chloroquine, Cq	5	216 ± 64	88 ± 8	210 ± 83	89 ± 5	ns
	10	184 ± 67	86 ± 10	179 ± 60	84 ± 7	ns
	20	106 ± 36	68 ± 17^e	99 ± 47	63 ± 10	ns

^aPurified uninfected PBMCs were treated with PBS, Qc, Cq or AZT and incubated during 4 days. Cell viability was determined by using trypan blue exclusion staining. Dead (blue) and alive (unstained) cells were counted. The percentage of viable cells was determined dividing the number of alive cells × 100/total cells.
^bMean value (+/− standard deviation) of viable cells from three independent assays by triplicate (n = 9).
^cStudent’s t-test between treatment alone and combined with AZT at the same concentration.
^dPost-hoc Tukey’s test of concentration compared with control, p = 0.0363.
^ePost-hoc Tukey’s test of concentration compared with control, p = 0.0033.
ns = not significant.

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