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Table 1 Therapeutic history of the patients.

From: Management of HIV-1 associated hepatitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: role of a successful control of viral replication

Antiretroviral drugs

Period of therapy

Reasons for change

Case 1

  

ZDV

1990 -1993

 

ddI

May 1993 - Oct 1993

diarrhoea

ddC

Dec 1993 - Jan 1995

 

ZDV, 3TC

Feb 1995 - Jul 1995

 

ZDV, 3TC, SQV

Aug 1995 - Feb 1996

diarrhoea

IDV, 3TC, ZDV

Mar 1996 - Apr 1998

kidney stones

d4T, EFV, NFV

May 1998 - Apr 1999

psichiatric disorders

ZDV, 3TC, ABC, IDV/r

May 1999 - Jan 2000

cutaneous reaction

ZDV, 3TC, IDV/SQV/r

Feb 2000 - Sep 2000

virologic failure

ddI, d4T, NVP, LPV/r

Oct 2000

cutaneous reaction

ddI, d4T, EFV, LPV/r

Nov 2000 - Oct 2001

 

ddI, d4T, LPV/r

Nov 2001 - Oct 2003

virologic failure and LFTs increase

3TC, TDF, EFV

Aug 2004 - Jun 2005

failure

fAPV/r, SQV

Jul 2005

cutaneous reaction

SQV/r, EFV

Aug 2005 - Oct 2005

cutaneous reaction

LPV/r, SQV

Oct 2005 - Dec 2005

itching and diarrhoea

LPV/r, 3TC, TDF

Dec 2005 - Jun2006

failure

DRV/r, ENF, TDF, ZDV/3TC

Aug 2006 - Aug 2007

 

DRV/r, RAL, TDF, ZDV/3TC

Aug 2007 - Aug 2008

simplification

DRV/r, RAL

Aug 2008 - ongoing

simplification

Case 2

  

ZDV, ddI

Nov 1995 - Aug 1996

 

ZDV, ddC

Sep 1996 - Dec 1996

 

ZDV, ddC, IDV

Dec 1996 - May 1997

 

ZDV, 3TC, IDV

Jun 1997 - Nov 1998

kidney stones

NFV, d4T, NVP

Dec 1998 - Mar 2000

abdominal pain and diarrhea

ZDV/3TC, SQV/r

Mar 2000 - Apr 2000

anemia

d4T, 3TC, SQV/r

May 2000 - Mar 2005

lack of adherence and resistance development

LPV/r, 3TC, TDF

Apr 2005 - Oct 2005

virologic failure

ATV/r, 3TC, TDF

Oct 2005 - Sep 2006

virologic failure and LFTs increase

DRV/r, ENF, RAL

Oct 2007 - Feb 2008

 

DRV/r, RAL

Feb 2008 - ongoing

simplification

Case 3

  

IDV, 3TC, d4T

Dec 1997 - Mar 2002

 

NVP, 3TC, d4T

Apr 2002 - May 2004

simplification

NVP, 3TC, TDF

Jun 2004 - Apr 2006

peripheral neuropathy, lipoatrophy

RAL, TDF/FTC

Aug 2009 - ongoing

 
  1. Note: GRT, genotypic resistance test; ZDV, zidovudine; ddI, didanosine; ddC, zalcitabine; 3TC, lamivudine; SQV, saquinavir; IDV, indinavir; d4T, stavudine; EFV, efavirenz; NFV, nelfinavir; ABC, abacavir; NVP, nevirapine; LPV, lopinavir; TDF, tenofovir difumarate; fAPV, fosamprenavir; DRV, darunavir; ENF, enfuvirtide; RAL, raltegravir; ATV, atazanavir; FTC, emtricitabine; r = ritonavir booster.