Table 1 Characteristics of respondents
From: Factors associated with non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in Nairobi, Kenya
| Characteristics | Adherent | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No; n (%) | Total; n (%) | ||
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
| Gender distribution | ||||
| All | 72 (18) | 331 (82) | 403 (100) | |
| Males | 25 (18) | 116 (82) | 141 (35) | 0.958 |
| Females | 47 (18) | 215 (82) | 262 (65) | |
| Mean age | ||||
| All | 37.6 yrs | 40.2 yrs | 39.7 yrs | 0.017* |
| Male | 41.6 yrs | 42.8 yrs | 42.6 yrs | 0.491 |
| Female | 35.4 yrs | 38.8 yrs | 38.2 yrs | 0.012* |
| Marital status | 0.225 | |||
| Never married | 14 (19) | 58 (81) | 72 (18) | |
| Married | 40 (19) | 173 (81) | 213 (53) | |
| Divorced/Separate | 13 (23) | 44 (77) | 57 (14) | |
| Widowed | 5 (9) | 52 (91) | 57 (14) | |
| Missing | 0 | 4 | 4 (1) | |
| Ever widowed? | 0.053 | |||
| Yes | 5 (9) | 52 (91) | 57 (14) | |
| No | 67 (20) | 275 (80) | 342 (85) | |
| Education level | 0.665 | |||
| No education | 1 (10) | 9 (10) | 10 (3) | |
| Primary | 28 (19) | 117 (81) | 145(36) | |
| Secondary | 32 (16) | 168 (84) | 200(50) | |
| Post secondary | 10 (22) | 36 (78) | 46 (11) | |
| Missing | 2 | |||
| Monthly Income (USD) | 0.734 | |||
| Unemployed | 27 (20) | 110 (80) | 137(34) | |
| < 60 | 17 (21) | 66 (80) | 83 (21) | |
| 61 - 120 | 11 (14) | 69 (86) | 80 (20) | |
| 121 - 180 | 2 (9) | 21 (91) | 23 (6) | |
| 181 - 240 | 5 (19) | 22 (82) | 27 (7) | |
| 241 - 600 | 5 (15) | 29 (85) | 34 (8) | |
| 600+ | 4 (24) | 13 (77) | 17 (4) | |
| Missing | 2 | |||
| Housing | 0.275 | |||
| 1 room | 39 (21) | 147 (79) | 186(46) | |
| 2-3 rooms | 16 (19) | 69 (81) | 85 (21) | |
| 1 bedroom | 7 (17) | 34 (83) | 41 (10) | |
| 2 bedrooms | 4 (8) | 48 (92) | 52 (13) | |
| ≥ 3 bedrooms | 6 (15) | 33 (85) | 39 (10) | |
| 1-3 rooms | 55 (20) | 216 (80) | 271 (67) | 0.068 |
| ≥ 1 bedrooms | 17 (13) | 115 (87) | 132 (33) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| CD4 cell count ≤200 cells/ml | 0.025* | |||
| Yes | 25(26) | 71 (74) | 96 (24) | |
| No | 44(16) | 237(84) | 281(70) | |
| Missing | 26 (6) | |||
| Time on ART | 0.003* | |||
| 3 to 6 months | 13(37) | 22 (63) | 35 (9) | |
| 6 - 12 months | 18(21) | 69 (79) | 87 (22) | |
| 1 to 2 years | 25(19) | 110(81) | 135(34) | |
| 3 years + | 16(11) | 129(89) | 145(36) | |
| Missing | 1 | |||
| Adverse effects | ||||
| Nausea | 7 (30) | 16 (70) | 23 (7) | 0.898 |
| Vomiting | 1 (8) | 11 (92) | 12 (4) | |
| Diarrhea | 3 (23) | 10 (77) | 13 (4) | |
| Neuropathy | 3 (10) | 27 (90) | 30 (9) | |
| Itching | 6 (23) | 20 (77) | 26 (8) | |
| Rashes | 5 (12) | 36 (88) | 41 (13) | |
| Others | 6 (15) | 33 (85) | 39 (12) | |
| None | 24(17) | 114(83) | 138(43) | |
| ART knowledge | ||||
| Health literacy | ||||
| Adhere | 57 (17) | 272 (83) | 329 (82) | 0.55 |
| Condom use | 35 (18) | 162 (82) | 197 (49) | 0.959 |
| Nutrition | 43 (16) | 233 (84) | 276 (68) | 0.077 |
| Use | ||||
| Identify drugs | 72 (18) | 331 (82) | 403 (100) | |
| Dosage | 72 (18) | 330 (82) | 402 (100) | |
| Life-long therapy | 72 (18) | 328 (82) | 400 (99) | |
| Social support | ||||
| Living with | 0.484 | |||
| Family | 53(17) | 268(83) | 321(80) | |
| Friends | 2 (22) | 7 (78) | 9 (2) | |
| Alone | 16(22) | 56 (78) | 72 (18) | |
| Living with children? | 0.345 | |||
| No | 10(14) | 62 (86) | 72 (18) | |
| Yes | 50(18) | 235(82) | 285(71) | |
| Have no children | 12(26) | 34 (74) | 46 (11) | 0.122 |
| Has children | 60(17) | 297(83) | 357(89) | |
| HIV Status disclosed | 0.794 | |||
| Yes: | 58(18) | 271(82) | 329(82) | |
| No: | 13(18) | 60 (81) | 73 (18) | |
| Reminded dose by | 0.781 | |||
| Self | 36(19) | 151(81) | 187(46) | |
| Family | 35(17) | 176(83) | 211(52) | |
| Friends | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 5 (1) | |
| Level of social Support | ||||
| Never (0%) | 13(23) | 43 (77) | 56 (14) | |
| Rarely (25%) | 5 (28) | 13 (72) | 18 (5) | |
| Sometimes (50%) | 12(26) | 34 (74) | 46 (11) | |
| Often (75%) | 17(22) | 60 (78) | 77 (19) | |
| Always (> 75%) | 24(18) | 181(88) | 205(51) | |
| Missing | 1 | |||
| Felt social Support | 0.030* | |||
| < Sometimes | 18(24) | 56 (76) | 74 (21) | |
| > Sometimes | 41(14) | 241(86) | 282(79) | |
| Concerns about therapy | ||||
| Taking ART worries me | 0.378 | |||
| Agree | 16 (22) | 58 (78) | 74 (18) | |
| Disagree | 55 (17) | 264 (83) | 319 (79) | |
| Not sure | 10 (3) | |||
| I Worry about long-term effects of ART | 0.885 | |||
| Agree | 31 (19) | 135 (81) | 166 (41) | |
| Disagree | 40 (18) | 181 (82) | 221 (55) | |
| Not sure | 16 (4) | |||
| Lack understanding of how ART works | 0.505 | |||
| Agree | 28 (20) | 115 (80) | 143 (35) | |
| Disagree | 40 (17) | 197 (83) | 237 (59) | |
| Not sure | 23 (6) | |||
| Therapy disrupt my life | 0.006* | |||
| Agree | 20 (29) | 49 (71) | 69 (17) | |
| Disagree | 49 (15) | 274 (85) | 323 (80) | |
| Not sure | 11 (3) | |||
| I am embarrassed taking ARV | 0.162 | |||
| Agree | 38 (20) | 148 (80) | 186 (46) | |
| Disagree | 31 (15) | 175 (85) | 206 (51) | |
| Not sure | 11 (3) | |||
| Reason for not taking therapy | ||||
| Implied missed therapy | 0.001* | |||
| Gave reason for not taking | 50 (24) | 156 (76) | 206 (51) | |
| Never failed | 22 (11) | 175 (89) | 197 (49) | |
| Reason for not taking medicine | 0.000* | |||
| Being busy and forgetting | 44 (29) | 110 (71) | 154 (38) | |
| Hiding from colleagues | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 5 (2) | |
| Others | 3 (6) | 44 (94) | 47 (11) | |