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Table 1 IC50, TC50, and Therapeutic Index (TI) for Lemon, Lime, and Vinegar in Various Cell-based HIV-1 Assays

From: Safety and anti-HIV assessments of natural vaginal cleansing products in an established topical microbicides in vitro testing algorithm

  

Lemon Juice

Lime Juice

Vinegar

  

IC 50

TC 50

TI

IC 50

TC 50

TI

IC 50

TC 50

TI

 

Unit

%

%

-

%

%

-

%

%

-

CCR5-tropic Cell-free HIV-1 Entry Assay

Natural

1.81 (0.9)

3.8 (0.2)

2.1 (1.7)

1.7 (1.1)

3.8 (0.1)

2.3 (1.9)

2.9 (0.6)

3.0 (0.0)

1.1 (0.2)

 

pH Neutral

1.7 (0.3)

> 20.0 (0.0)

> 11.8 (2.2)

2.0 (0.6)

> 20.0 (0.0)

> 10.2 (2.8)

23.3 (4.2)

29.2 (2.0)

1.2 (0.3)

CCR5-tropic Cell-associated HIV-1 Transmission Assay

Natural

2.0 (3.7)

6.3 (0.3)

3.2 (5.7)

2.4 (2.0)

6.2 (0.6)

1.5 (1.5)

0.8 (0.1)

1.0 (0.8)

1.3 (0.9)

 

pH Neutral

2.7 (3.0)

8.5 (0.6)

4.7 (5.6)

4.9 (7.4)

9.0 (1.0)

4.2 (6.1)

> 25.0 (0.0)

> 25.0 (0.0)

1.0 (0.0)

CXCR4-tropic Cell-free HIV-1 Entry Assay

Natural

3.5 (0.4)

4.0 (0.5)

1.2 (0.2)

3.5 (0.5)

4.1 (0.3)

1.2 (0.1)

3.2 (0.2)

3.2 (0.0)

0.9 (0.1)

 

pH Neutral

14.1 (2.9)

> 20.0 (0.0)

> 1.4 (0.3)

13.9 (0.7)

> 20.0 (0.0)

> 1.4 (0.1)

32.4 (2.0)

31.0 (1.6)

1.0 (0.1)

CXCR4-tropic Fusion Assay

Natural

3.4 (0.7)

4.3 (0.3)

1.2 (0.1)

3.4 (0.7)

4.1 (0.8)

1.2 (0.2)

1.7 (0.1)

2.4 (1.5)

1.5 (1.0)

 

pH Neutral

3.7 (0.2)

4.6 (0.3)

1.2 (0.1)

3.5 (0.3)

4.3 (0.2)

1.2 (0.1)

17.4 (1.2)

13.8 (0.7)

0.8 (0.1)

PBMC Antiviral Assay

Natural

1.3 (0.5)

1.4 (0.3)

1.1 (0.2)

1.4 (0.8)

1.4 (0.4)

1.1 (0.5)

1.2 (0.4)

1.0 (0.2)

0.7 (0.21)

 

pH Neutral

1.8 (1.7)

6.7 (8.1)

4.0 (9.0)

1.2 (0.7)

10.6 (17.8)

7.0 (13.5)

4.8 (2.0)

9.6 (3.2)

1.7 (0.4)

  1. 1Median and inter-quartile range
  2. Juice and vinegar concentrations are expressed as percent (%) solution.