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Table 2 Behavioural characteristics and knowledge attributes associated with late presentation at HIV diagnosis in Venezuela, Carabobo State.

From: Determinants of late disease-stage presentation at diagnosis of HIV infection in Venezuela: A case-case comparison

 

Late presenters

Total

  
 

n

%

n

OR*(95%CI)

P -value ( P T )

BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     

Alcohol usea (n = 221)

     

   No alcohol

32

47.1

68

1

-

   Social drinker

33

34.0

97

0.49 (0.25–0.97)

0.041

   Moderate drinker

18

39.1

46

0.55 (0.24–1.25)

0.155

   Alcoholic

7

70.0

10

1.61 (0.35–7.44)

0.541

Drug abusea (n = 215)

     

   No

82

42.1

195

1

-

   Yes

8

40.0

20

0.91 (0.34–2.44)

0.855

Lifetime casual partnersb (n = 114)

     

   0

8

28.6

28

1

- (0.286)

   1–10

16

34.8

46

1.66 (0.40–6.97)

0.489

   >10

21

47.5

40

2.72 (0.60–12.48)

0.197

Steady partnera (n = 219)

     

   No

52

48.6

107

1

- (0.021)

   Yes, partner HIV- or unknown HIV status

25

40.3

62

0.66 (0.16–2.65)

0.558

   Yes, partner HIV+

12

24.0

50

0.42 (0.19–0.92)

0.030

Perception faithfulness steady partnerb

     

   Faithful

23

56.1

41

1

-

   Unfaithful/Doubting faithfulness

4

16.0

25

0.18 (0.05–0.66)

0.010

   No steady partner

24

38.1

63

0.49 (0.21–1.12)

0.094

Time with steady partner (months)a, † (n = 106)

     

   <24

10

20.8

48

1

- (0.010)

   25–120

18

40.0

45

2.49 (0.95–6.52)

0.063

   >120

7

53.8

13

3.01(0.75–12.15)

0.121

Condom usea (n = 169)

     

   Never

39

38.2

102

1

-

   Sometimes

13

36.1

36

0.95 (0.40–2.26)

0.911

   Often

7

38.9

18

0.96 (0.32–2.94)

0.946

   Always

6

46.2

13

0.71 (0.21–2.41)

0.583

Contact with commercial sex workersb,‡ (n = 93)

     

   No

22

34.4

64

1

-

   Yes

18

62.1

29

2.54 (0.99–6.54)

0.054

KNOWLEDGE ATTRIBUTES

     

Knowledge-HIV-transmission scoreb,§

     

   0 = no knowledge

7

63.6

11

1

- (0.033)

   1–8 = poor knowledge

9

56.3

16

0.94 (0.18–5.03)

0.944

   9–15 = good knowledge

35

34.3

102

0.32 (0.08–1.26)

0.103

Awareness HIV testb

     

   Not aware of existence

9

64.3

14

1

- (0.089)

   Aware of existence, but not aware it was for free

26

38.2

68

0.39 (0.11–1.38)

0.143

   Aware of existence and that it was for free

16

34.0

47

0.31 (0.08–1.14)

0.078

Awareness treatmentb

     

   Not aware of existence

24

40.0

60

1

-

   Aware of existence, but not aware it was for free

15

34.1

44

0.79 (0.34–1.84)

0.580

   Aware of existence and that it was for free

12

48.0

25

1.03 (0.37–2.86)

0.951

Awareness PNSIDA scoreb, ** (n = 128)

     

   0 = no awareness

7

63.6

11

1

- (0.055)

   1–4 = some awareness

37

38.5

96

0.32 (0.08–1.29)

0.109

   5–7 = good awareness

7

33.3

21

0.20 (0.04–1.05)

0.057

Total-HIV-knowledge scoreb,†† (n = 128)

     

   0–14 = low overall knowledge

20

51.3

39

1

-

   15–28 = high overall knowledge

31

34.8

89

0.51 (0.23–1.13)

0.096

  1. aData source: patient files (n = 225). bData source: questionnaires (n = 129). Missing values are deducted by subtracting the total of individuals for each variable to the corresponding 225 (a) or 129 (b) patients. If totals are not indicated for a variable, it has no missing values. *Adjusted for age group and sex. †Only those with steady partner were included (n = 112). ‡Only men were included (n = 94). §Calculated from a 15-item HIV transmission question. **Calculated by adding all awareness variables. ††Calculated by adding knowledge HIV transmission score, awareness PNSIDA score and one point for each correct answer to 6 true-or-false statements about HIV/AIDS. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PT, Mantel-Haenszel Score test for trend P-value.