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Table 2 Logistic regression analysis describing correlates of HIV-1 virologic failure (viral load ≥400 copies/ml) among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya (N = 232)

From: HIV-1 virologic failure and acquired drug resistance among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study

 

Logistic univariable analysis

Logistic multivariable analysis (n = 201)

Risk factors

Categories

Viraemia, n = 57 [%]

Crude OR

95% C.I

*P-value

Adjusted OR

95% C. I

*P-value

Gender

Male

12/54 [22.2]

1.0

     

Female

45/177 [25.3]

1.2

0.6 – 2.4

0.645

-

-

-

Age group (years)

15.0 – 34.9

31/80 [38.8]

1.0

  

1.0

  

≥ 35.0

26/152 [17.1]

0.3

0.2 – 0.6

<0.001

0.3

0.2 – 0.7

0.002

Marital status

Single

8/19 [42.1]

1.0

     

Married (monogamous/polygamous)

36/132 [27.3]

0.5

0.2 – 1.4

    

Separated/Divorced/Widowed

13/81 [16.1]

0.3

0.1 – 0.8

0.034

-

-

-

Religion

Christian

38/152 [25.0]

1.0

     

Muslim

7/41 [17.1]

0.6

0.3 – 1.5

    

Others

12/39 [30.8]

1.3

0.6 – 2.9

0.345

-

-

-

Education status

Primary schooling/Less

46/187 [24.6]

1.0

     

Secondary/Higher

11/45 [24.4]

1.0

0.5 – 2.1

0.983

-

-

-

Group distance (km)

<10.0

37/148 [25.0]

1.0

     

≥ 10.0

20/84 [23.8]

0.9

0.5 – 1.8

0.839

-

-

-

Starting 1 st line regimen

Zidovudine based

33/118 [28.0]

1.0

     

Stavudine based

24/114 [21.1]

0.7

0.4 – 1.3

0.221

-

-

-

Baseline WHO staging

I/II

28/131 [21.4]

1.0

     

III/IV

28/100 [28.0]

1. 4

0.8 – 2.6

0.246

-

-

-

Baseline BMI groups (Kg/m 2 )

< 18.5

26/95 [27.4]

1.0

     

≥ 18.5

30/136 [22.1]

0.8

0.4 – 1.4

0.356

-

-

-

Baseline CD4 groups (cells/uL)

< 100

25/96 [26.0]

1.0

     

≥ 100

30/134 [22.4]

0.8

0.4 – 1.5

0.523

-

-

-

Duration on ART (months)

<12.0

23/81 [28.4]

1.0

     

≥ 12.0

34/151 [22.5]

0.7

0.4 - 1.4

0.325

-

-

-

Drug substitution

No

40/168 [23.8]

1.0

     

Yes

17/64 [26.6]

1.2

0.6 – 2.2

0.665

-

-

-

Follow up WHO staging

Stage I/II

29/132 [22.0]

1.0

     

Stage III/IV

28/100 [28.0]

1.4

0.8 – 2.5

0.292

-

-

-

Follow up BMI groups (Kg/m 2 )

< 18.5

10/36 [27.8]

1.0

     

≥ 18.5

47/196 [24.0]

0.8

0.4 – 1.8

0.627

-

-

-

Follow up CD4 groups (cells/uL)

< 350

35/131 [26.7]

1.0

     

≥ 350

12/70 [17.1]

0.6

0.3 – 1.2

0.120

-

-

-

MPR adherence

≥ 95% (Satisfactory)

34/181 [18.8]

1.0

  

1.0

  
 

<95% (Unsatisfactory)

18/43 [41.9]

3.1

1.5 – 6.3

0.002

3.0

1.5 – 6.5

0.003

  1. Baseline refers to indicators at ART initiation; Follow up refers to indicators at the time of sampling; *Likelihood Ratio Test p-value; BMI (Body Mass Index); WHO (World Health Organization); MPR (Medicine Possession Ratio). Missing data; Baseline WHO staging (n = 1 [0.4%]), Baseline BMI (n = 1 [0.4%]), Baseline CD4 count (n = 2 [0.9%]), CD4 count (n = 31 [13.4%]) and MPR adherence (n = 8 [3.5%]).
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AIDS Research and Therapy

ISSN: 1742-6405

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