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Table 1 Distribution of characteristics among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults on care at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya (N = 232)

From: HIV-1 virologic failure and acquired drug resistance among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Categories

Frequency [column %]

  

Cross-section 1 (n = 86)

Cross-section 2 (n = 146)

Total (n = 232)

Gender

Male

16 [18.6]

38 [26.0]

54 [23.3]

Female

70 [81.4]

108 [74.0]

178 [76.7]

*Age (years)

Median

36.5

39.3

38.5

[IQR]

[31.4 – 44.4]

[32.7 – 46.1]

[32.2 – 44.8]

Age group (years)

15.0 – 34.9

33 [38.4]

47 [32.2]

80 [34.5]

≥ 35.0

53 [61.6]

99 [67.8]

152 [65.5]

Marital status

Single

10 [11.6]

9 [6.2]

19 [8.2]

Married (monogamous/polygamous)

52 [60.5]

80 [54.8]

132 [56.9]

Separated/divorced/widowed

24 [27.9]

57 [39.0]

81 [34.9]

Religion

Christian

64 [74.4]

88 [60.3]

152 [65.5]

Muslim

13 [15.1]

28 [19.2]

41 [17.7]

Others

9 [10.5]

30 [20.6]

39 [16.8]

Education status

Primary schooling/less

68 [79.1]

119 [81.5]

187 [80.6]

Secondary/higher

18 [20.9]

27 [18.5]

45 [19.4]

*Distance (km)

Median

7.8

7.8

7.8

[IQR]

[2.2 – 21.0]

[2.2 – 13.4]

[2.2 – 15.7]

Group distance (km)

< 10.0

50 [58.1]

98 [67.1]

148 [63.8]

≥ 10.0

36 [41.9]

48 [32.9]

84 [36.2]

Starting 1 st line regimen

Zidovudine based

37 [43.0]

81 [55.5]

118 [50.9]

Stavudine based

49 [57.0]

65 [44.5]

114 [49.1]

*Baseline WHO staging

I/II

41 [47.7]

90 [61.6]

131 [56.5]

III/IV

44 [51.2]

56 [38.4]

100 [43.1]

Missing

1 [0.0]

0 [0.0]

1 [0.4]

*Baseline BMI (Kg/m 2 )

Median

19.3

19.0

19.3

(IQR)

[17.6 – 20.7]

[17.3 – 21.1]

[17.4 – 21.1]

Baseline BMI groups (Kg/m 2 )

< 18.5

32 [37.2]

63 [43.2]

95 [41.0]

≥ 18.5

53 [61.6]

83 [56.9]

136 [58.6]

Missing

1 [1.2]

0 [0.0]

1 [0.4]

*Baseline CD4 count (cells/uL)

Median

124

126

124

(IQR)

[61 – 197]

[35–193]

[40–196]

Baseline CD4 groups (cells/uL)

< 100

33 [38.4]

63 [43.2]

96 [41.4]

≥ 100

51 [59.3]

83 [56.9]

134 [57.8]

Missing

2 [2.3]

0 [0.0]

2 [0.9]

*Duration on ART (months)

Median

13.3

15.0

13.9

[IQR]

[9.0 – 16.1]

[10.8 – 20.3]

[10.0 – 18.3]

Group duration on ART (months)

<12.0

32 [37.2]

49 [33.6]

81 [34.9]

≥ 12.0

54 [62.8]

97 [66.4]

151 [65.1]

Drug substitution

No

68 [79.1]

100 [68.5]

168 [72.4]

Yes

18 [20.9]

46 [31.5]

64 [27.6]

WHO staging

Stage I/II

54 [62.8]

78 [53.4]

132 [56.9]

Stage III/IV

32 [37.2]

68 [46.6]

100 [43.1]

*BMI (Kg/m 2 )

Median

21.2

21.1

21.1

(IQR)

[19.2 – 22.2]

[19.4 – 24.5]

[19.4 – 23.6]

BMI groups (Kg/m 2 )

< 18.5

12 [14.0]

24 [16.4]

36 [15.5]

≥ 18.5

74 [86.1]

122 [83.6]

196 [84.5]

*CD4 count (cells/uL)

Median

282

288

286

(IQR)

[205–419]

[193–387]

[199–388]

CD4 groups (cells/uL)

< 350.0

49 [57.0]

82 [56.2]

131 [56.5]

≥ 350.1

29 [33.7]

41 [28.1]

70 [30.2]

Missing

8 [9.3]

23 [15.8]

31 [13.4]

MPR adherence

≥ 95% (Satisfactory)

59 [68.6]

122 [83.6]

181 [78.0]

< 95% (Unsatisfactory)

24 [27.9]

19 [13.0]

43 [18.5]

 

Missing

3 [3.5]

5 [3.4]

8 [3.5]

  1. Baseline refers to indicators at ART initiation; Follow up refers to indicators at the time of sampling; *Median [IQR, Inter-quartile ranges] for continuous variables; BMI (Body Mass Index); WHO (World Health Organization); MPR (Medicine Possession Ratio); Zidovudine based (plus lamivudine/Nevirapine [n = 107] or lamivudine/efavirenz [n = 11]); stavudine based (plus lamivudine/Nevirapine [n = 111] or lamivudine/efavirenz [n = 3]).